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Rating

Ingredient

Good

1, 2-Hexanediol

A preservative belonging to a class of agents known as higher molecular glycols.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid

A synthetic ingredient that functions as a skin-conditioning and occlusive agent.
Categories: Emollients

Good

4-T-Butylcyclohexanol

A synthetic fatty alcohol that functions as an emollient and soothing agent. It can reduce skin surface stinging on contact and also has the ability to reduce visible redness on skin.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Soothing

Poor

Acacia Farnesiana Extract

A fragrant extract from a type of acacia tree. There is no research showing it to have any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Acacia Senegal Gum

Used in various capacities to enhance the smooth feel or adhesion of a skin care formula; also functions as a thickening agent, emulsifier, or stabilizer. May also deliver skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts, Skin-Soothing

Best

Acai

Pronounced "ah-sigh-ee", this small berry with a deep purple color is a source of antioxidants, including ferulic acid and epicatechin
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Acetic Acid

Acid found in vinegar, some fruits, and human sweat. It can be sensitizing to skin, though it also has disinfecting properties.
Categories: Sensitizing

Poor

Acetone

Strong solvent that is used in Nail Polish removers.
Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Acetylated Castor Oil

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Acetylated Hydrogenated Cottonseed Glyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Acetylated Lanolin

Emollient derived from lanolin.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Acetylated Lanolin Alcohol

An ester of lanolin alcohol uses as an emollient and occlusive agent. An ester is a compound formed from an alcohol and an acid with the elimination of water, and are common among cosmetic ingredients.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Acetylated Palm Kernel Glycerides

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Acetyl Carnitine Hcl

Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Acetyl Glucosamine

Antioxidant known to help fade discolorations and soothe skin. It also helps skin produce its own hyaluronic acid content naturally.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Antioxidants, Skin-Soothing, Hydration

Good

Acetyl Glyceryl Ricinoleate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Acetyl Hexapeptide-1

Acetyl hexapeptide-1 is a synthetic peptide composed of the amino acids alanine, arginine, histidine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Acetyl Hexapeptide-37

Acetyl hexapeptide-37 is a synthetic peptide composed of the amino acids alanine, proline, serine and glycine.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Good

Acetyl Hexapeptide-8

One of several peptides used in skin care products, this ingredient has skin-restoring and water-binding properties, helping it improve both the look and feel of skin.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Good

Acetyl Octapeptide-3

A synthetic peptide that is based around octapeptide-3, a peptide complex composed of the amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, and methionine. It’s a skin restoring and replenishing ingredient.Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 is also known to stimulate the dermal papilla extracellular matrix proteins which in turn has a direct effect on the structures surrounding hair follicles. This can help to anchor the hair fibre into the root which can strengthen strands and target the causes of hair loss.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-11

Acetyl tetrapeptide-11 is a synthetic peptide that helps skin look and feel healthier.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5

Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 is a synthetic peptide that has calming, smoothing, hydrating, and firmness-enhancing benefits when applied to skin.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-9

Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 is a synthetic peptide that helps visibly restore skin's natural support.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Average

Acetyl Tributyl Citrate

Related to citric acid and used as a plasticizer, most commonly in nail polish and nail-hardening products.
Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Good

Acetyl Tyrosine

An amino acid complex that functions as a skin-conditioning agent. There is no research proving it has a restoring or brightening effect on skin.
Categories: Hydration

Poor

Achillea Millefolium

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Average

Acid

Anything with a pH lower than 7 is considered acidic—above 7 is considered alkaline. Water has a pH of 7. Skin has an average pH of 5.5
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Acne Soap

Soaps that often contain strong cleansing ingredients, they are often overly drying and sensitizing to skin.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Acrylate

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer

A synthetic ingredient used to enhance the texture of skincare and haircare products.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Acrylates/Dimethicone Copolymer

Silicone-enhanced film-forming agent. Also functions as a binding agent so products adhere better to skin.
Categories: Silicones, Texture Enhancer

Good

Acrylates/Steareth-20 Methacrylate Copolymer

A synthetic polymer that blends steareth-20 with one or more forms of methacrylic acid. Functions as a thickening agent in skin care products.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Acrylates Copolymer

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Average

Actaea Racemosa

Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Actinidia Chinensis (Kiwi Fruit) Extract

Actinidia chinensis (kiwi fruit) extract is an excellent source of antioxidants, including vitamin C.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Adenosine

Known for wrinkle-smoothing and skin-soothing benefits. Adenosine is also naturally present in skin, allowing for ideal biocompatibility.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Skin-Restoring

Best

Adenosine Phosphate

Also known as AMP, adenosine phosphate is a skin-soothing and restoring ingredient that's similar to adenosine triphosphate.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Skin-Soothing

Best

Adenosine Triphosphate

Organic compound from adenosine, which is formed by the hydrolysis of yeast nucleic acids.Research has shown that ATP appears to have strong potential as a skin-restoring ingredient and as a soothing agent.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Skin-Restoring

Good

Adipic Acid/Neopentyl Glycol/Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer

A synthetic polymer.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Poor

Advanced Glycation Endproduct (Age)

Advanced glycation endproducts, also known as AGEs, are caused by the body's major fuel source, namely glucose.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Aerocarpus Santalinus

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Aesculus Hippocastanum

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Agar

An algae-based natural ingredient that serves as a thickener in cosmetics.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Agastache Mexicana (Hyssop) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract

Agastache mexicana (also known as hyssop) is a flowering shrub native to North America that’s an edible plant with an anise-like flavor and aroma.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Age

Categories: Miscellaneous

Average

Agrimonia Eupatoria Leaf Extract

Research shows this plant extract has antioxidant properties. Whether or not it has a benefit when applied topically is not known.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Aha

AHA, also known as alpha hydroxy acid, exfoliates skin and improves signs of aging, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.
Categories: Exfoliant

Good

Ahnfeltia Concinna Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Ahnfeltia Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts

Good

Ahnfeltiopsis Concinna Extract

Ahnfeltiopsis concinna extract is a type of red algae with calming and hydrating properties for skin.
Categories: Emollients, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Good

Alanine

An amino acid known to balance moisture levels on the skin, thus providing improved hydration.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Alaria Esculenta Extract

A type of brown seaweed also known as badderlocks, used topically as an antioxidant and hydrating agent due to its mix of replenishing fatty acids.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Albumin

Found in egg white, and can leave a film over skin. It can constrict skin temporarily, which can make it look smoother temporarily, but it can also cause sensitivity and is not helpful for skin.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Poor

Alcloxa

More technically known as aluminum chlorhydroxy allantoinate, alcloxa has constricting properties that can be sensitizing to skin.
Categories: Uncategorized

Average

Alcohol

Alcohol refers to a group of organic compounds with a vast range of forms and uses in cosmetics and in other types of products and solutions
Categories: Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Best

Aleurites Moluccana Seed Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Alfalfa Extract

Can be an antioxidant in skincare products
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Algae

Algae are very simple, chlorophyll-containing organisms in a family that includes more than 20,000 different known species. In cosmetics, algae act as thickening agents, water-binding agents, and antioxidants
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts

Best

Algae Extract

Amazing ingredient with multiple benefits for the skin. Algae has demonstrated anti-aging properties by inhibiting enzymes that break down collagen in the skin. Algae also contains antioxidant properties that help to effectively neutralize free-radicals present in the environment. By lowering the amount of oxidative stress found in the skin, algae extract may also work to reinforce barrier function and provide soothing properties that can help alleviate dry skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts

Good

Algin

Brown algae.
Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon contained in natural gas and mineral oils. It is a synthetic fluid with varying properties.
Categories: Uncategorized

Poor

Alkaline

Anything with a pH higher than 7 is alkaline; a pH below 7 is acidic. Water has a pH of 7; skin has an average pH of 5.5. Skin sensitization can be caused by products with a pH of 8 or higher. Also, research indicates that the bacteria on skin proliferates in alkaline environmental.
Categories: Uncategorized

Average

Alkyloamides

Identified on skincare product labels as DEA, triethanolamine (TEA), and monoethanolamine (MEA), these are used primarily for their foaming ability in shampoos, but can also be used as thickening or binding agents. They can be skin sensitizers. In addition, alkyloamides contain a free amine that can combine with formaldehyde-releasing preservatives in cosmetics, and there is concern that they may form harmful substances.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Allantoin

An ingredient that can be naturally derived or made synthetically. It has skin-soothing and moisturizing properties, making it an excellent inclusion in products designed for sensitive skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing

Good

Allyl Methacrylates Crosspolymer

A synthetic, non-aqueous polymer whose chief function is film-forming agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Almond/Borage/Linseed/Olive Acids Glycerides

A mixture of the fatty acid and triglyceride components of several non-fragrant plant oils, including almond, borage, linseed, and olive.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing, Hydration

Best

Almond Oil

Non-volatile oil extracted from the seeds of almonds and used as an emollient.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Aloe Barbadensis

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder

Aloe barabadensis leaf juice powder is the powder form of the aloe plant. It is obtained from dried leaves of the aloe plant and functions as a skin-conditioning agent.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Aloe Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Aloe Juice

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

BEST

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera (also listed by its Latin name of aloe barbadenis) is a well known plant extract with powerful soothing properties, antioxidant qualities, and serves as a hydrating agent for skin due to its polysaccharide and sterol content
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Alpha Bisabolol

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Alpha Glucan Oligosaccharide

Emollient used in cosmetics that also has water-binding properties.
Categories: Emollients

Best

Alpha Hydroxy Acid

Categories: Exfoliant

Poor

Alpha Isomethyl Ionone

Alpha isomethyl ionone is a fragrance ingredient that must be listed on products that contain it due to its risk of causing a sensitized reaction.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Alpha lipoic acid is an enzyme that, when applied topically on skin, appears to be a very good antioxidant, and is believed to have numerous soothing effects.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Alpha-Tocopherol

Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Good

Alteromonas Ferment Extract

Alteromonas is found in deep areas of seawater.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Althaea Rosea

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts

Best

Althea Officinalis

Latin name for the marshmallow plant.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Alumina

Aluminum oxide, which is used as an abrasive, a thickening agent, and an absorbent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Scrub Agents, Absorbent

Good

Aluminum

Aluminum is the most common element on Earth. It's also a common source of confusion in terms of its presence in cosmetics, specifically whether that presence poses a health risk.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Aluminum Hydroxide

Synthetic ingredient that functions as an opacifying agent. Secondary uses include coloring agent and absorbent. Aluminum hydroxide has no known skin toxicity.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Absorbent

Good

Aluminum Magnesium Silicate

Salt that has absorbent properties.
Categories: Absorbent

Good

Aluminum Powder

Metallic element used as a coloring agent. It is composed of finely ground particles of aluminum. Permanently listed (since 1977) by the FDA as a safe coloring additive.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Aluminum Silicate

Salt that has absorbent and abrasive properties.
Categories: Absorbent, Scrub Agents

Good

Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate

A synthetic powdery thickening agent, absorbent, and anti-caking agent used in skin care and makeup products.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Absorbent

Good

Aluminum Stearate

A salt-derived blend of aluminum and stearic acid which functions as a stabilizer and thickening agent, among other things.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Poor

Aluminum Sulfate

It can sensitizing to skin.
Categories: Absorbent, Antioxidants

Best

Amino Acids

Fundamental constituents of all proteins found in the body.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Average

Aminobutyric Acid

Amino acid that has water-binding properties for skin and may be a soothing agent.
Categories: Skin-Soothing

Good

Aminomethyl Propanediol

Used to adjust pH in cosmetics.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Aminomethyl Propanol

Aminomethyl propanol is a synthetic ingredient used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster.
Categories: Uncategorized, Miscellaneous

Good

Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer

A synthetic polymer and film-forming agent that also serves as a thickening agent in cosmetics products.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Poor

Ammonium Chloride

Alkaline salt used as a pH balancer in skin-care products; it is not used in concentrations that would be problematic for skin.
Categories: Absorbent

Best

Ammonium Glycolate

Synthetic form of glycolic acid used as a pH adjuster and exfoliant. It is sometimes paired with regular glycolic acid to maintain the pH in a range that allows exfoliation.
Categories: Exfoliant

Average

Ammonium Hydroxide

Clear, colorless liquid used in cosmetics to adjust a product’s pH. Ammonium hydroxide is synthetic and sometimes used instead of sodium hydroxide to maintain an acidic pH in AHA (alpha hydroxy acid) or similar exfoliant products. The small amounts used in cosmetics are not considered sensitizing on skin.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Ammonium Laureth Sulfate

Used primarily as a detergent cleansing agent; considered gentle and effective. It can be derived from coconut.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate

Used primarily as a detergent cleansing agent; considered gentle and effective. It can be derived from coconut.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Amodimethicone

Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Amygdalic Acid

Categories: Exfoliant, Antioxidants

Poor

Amyl Cinnamate

Fragrant component.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Amyl Salicylate

Fragrant component.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Amyris Oil

Fragrant oil. It has no other known benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Anacyclus Pyrethrum

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Anacystis Nidulans Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Ananas Sativus Fruit Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Exfoliant

Best

Anastatica Hierochuntica Extract

Anastatica hierochuntica extract, also known as Rose of Jericho, has research showing it is a potent antioxidant and soothing ingredient.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Andiroba Oil

Extracted from the Brazilian mahogany tree; it has skin soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Average

Anethum Graveolens

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Angelica Archangelica Root Oil

Volatile oil obtained from the angelica plant. The oil contains chemical constituents that can be phototoxic, including bergapten, imperatorin, and xanthotoxin. Although some components of angelica oil have antioxidant ability, it is a risky ingredient to use on skin if it is exposed to sunlight.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Angelica Polymorpha Sinensis Root Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

GOOD

Anhydroxylitol

A natural, plant-derived ingredient that acts as a humectant to help skin absorb and retain moisture.
Categories: Hydration

Poor

Anisaldehyde

Synthetic fragrance used in cosmetics.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Anise

Also known as aniseed, it can have potent antioxidant properties, but its fragrant component makes this a potential skin sensitizer, and it can cause photosensitivity.
Categories: Antioxidants, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Annato Extract

Natural plant colorant derived from the flesh surrounding the seed of Bixa orellana, a shrub native to South America. It produces a deep yellow-orange to red color.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Anthocyanin

Group of naturally occurring substances found in plants that give fruits, vegetables, and plants their unique color. Derived from two Greek words meaning plant and blue, anthocyanins are the pigments that make blueberries blue, raspberries red, and so on. Anthocyanins are potent antioxidants. More than 300 different anthocyanins have been identified.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Antioxidant

General term for a large group of natural and synthetic ingredients that work to defend against environmental stress on skin. For much more information on antioxidants and how they work.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Apple Fruit Extract

General name for various types of apples, all of which have potent antioxidant ability that, at least in theory, can benefit skin when applied topically.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Apricot Kernel

Often used as an abrasive agent in so-called natural scrubs. Apricot kernals have irregular and sometimes sharp edges that can scratch or tear at skin. These types of scrubs are not recommended over a cotton washcloth or scrubs that contain rounded jojoba or polyethylene (plastic) beads.
Categories: Scrub Agents

Best

Apricot Kernel Oil

Emollient plant oil pressed from the seeds of apricots, and similar to other nonfragrant plant oils.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Arachidic Acid

Derived from peanut oil and used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Arachidyl Alcohol

A wax-like substance that serves as a thickening agent and moisturizing ingredient in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Arachidyl Glucoside

A mild cleansing agent that is formed from the condensation of archidyl alcohol and glucose.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Arachidyl Propionate

Waxy substance used as a thickening agent and emollient in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Arachis Hypogaea Extract

Extract of the plant commonly known as the peanut. It can have emollient and skin-soothing properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Arbutin

Antioxidant that helps enhance and even out overall skin tone. Works by interrupting triggers of discolorations. Can be of natural or synthetic origin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Arctium Lappa

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Arctium Majus

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants, Skin-Soothing

Best

Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Leaf Extract

A plant-based ingredient with antioxidant properties. Research also indicates it can help improve the look of skin discolorations.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Argania Spinosa

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil

Argania spinosa kernel oil is the latin name for the oil expressed from the kernels of the argan tree.
Categories: Emollients, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Argan Oil

Non-fragrant plant oil expressed from the kernels of argan trees. Argan oil contains several beneficial lipids and fatty acids for skin, including oleic acid, palmitic acid, and, especially, linoleic acid
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Arginine

An amino acid considered essential to the human development. It strengthens the skin’ natural barrier and has powerful antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Arginine/Lysine Polypeptide

A highly targeted multi-peptide that helps skin’s supportive elements resist further damage while working to repair visible signs of aging.
Categories: Hydration

Good

Argireline

Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Aristotelia Chilensis (Maqui)

Maqui, also known as Chilean wineberry, is a richly-colored berry that contains a potent type of antioxidant anthocyanidin known as delphinidins.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Arnica Extract

Extract or oil obtained from the flowering plant Arnica montana. There is research showing that when arnica is taken orally before surgery it soothes sensitivity. However, in high amounts it is a risk for skin sensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Average

Aroma/Flavor

Seeing aroma/flavor on an ingredient list can be either good or bad. For example, if the aroma or flavor comes from mint or citrus, it can be sensitizing. But if the source is something more innocuous, like vanilla, then it shouldn’t pose a risk.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Average

Arrowroot

Thickening agent; it has no known benefit for skin.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Artemia Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Average

Artemisia Absinthium Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Average

Artemisia Vulgaris

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Ascophyllum Nodosum

A type of cold water brown seaweed that has antioxidant properties and serves as a texture enhancer in cosmetics.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Best

Ascorbic Acid

Pure vitamin C, the primary antioxidant in skin. Works as an antioxidant, brightener, wrinkle-reducer, and helps fade discolorations.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Ascorbyl Glucosamine

Form of vitamin C that has little research showing it has the antioxidant or skin-brightening properties of other forms of vitamin C.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Ascorbyl Glucoside

Stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C that brightens dull skin and fades discolorations.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Ascorbyl Methylsilanol Pectinate

Form of vitamin C that is considered stable and that functions as an antioxidant and thickening agent.
Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Vitamins

Best

Ascorbyl Palmitate

Stable, oil-soluble form of vitamin C that works as an antioxidant and formula stabilizer.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Good

Asparagine

Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Asparagopsis Armata Extract

Extract derived from seaweed.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Good

Aspartic Acid

Amino acid that can help strengthen skin’s natural defense system, making it less likely to show signs of aging from environmental damage.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Astaxanthin

Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Astaxanthin Extract

Carotenoid (carotene pigment) found in plants, algae, and fish, particularly salmon, that functions as a potent antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Astragalus Membranaceus

Latin name for the Chinese herb Huang-Qi, also known as milk vetch.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Astragalus Sinicus

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Astrocaryum Murumuru Seed Butter

A non-fragrant vegetable fat that's nearly solid at room temperature (much like dairy butter). It functions as an emollient ingreident that works to keep moisture in skin and soften its texture
Categories: Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Atp

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Skin-Restoring

Best

Atractylodes Macrocephala Root Powder

A natural plant extract commonly used in Chinese and Korean herbal medicines.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Average

Atractyloydes Lancea Root Extract

Also known as Chinese Thistle Daisy, this root extract has been shown to have skin-soothing properties. Whether or not this can be of benefit when the entire extract is applied topically is unknown.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Avena Sativa Kernel Extract

Another name for oat extract. This plant-derived ingredient is well-known for both its antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Avobenzone

Avobenzone is a synthetic sunscreen ingredient (also known as Parsol 1789 or butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane) that provides broad-spectrum sun protection by absorbing aging UVA rays
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Best

Avocado Oil

Emollient oil similar to other nonfragrant plant oils. It has antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients

Poor

Awapuhi

English name for wild ginger.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Average

Azadirachta Indica

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Azelaic Acid

A type of acid known as a dicarboxylic acid derived from grains that offers numerous benefits when applied to skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Exfoliant

Best

Azelaoyl Bis-Dipeptide-10

Azelaoyl bis-dipeptide-10 is a synthetic peptide built around naturally-derived azelaic acid that offers brightening and antioxidant benefits.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Azelex

Categories: Uncategorized

Average

Azuki Beans

Legumes that are often ground up for use in skincare scrub products.
Categories: Scrub Agents

Average

Azulene

Chamomile extract used primarily as a coloring agent in cosmetics. It can have antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Babassu Oil

Babassu oil comes from the seed of the Orbignya oleifera plant, which is native to Brazil.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Antioxidants

Best

Bakuchiol

A natural antioxidant and anti-aging ingredient found in the seeds and leaves of the plant Psoralea corylifolia. This plant, also known as babchi, is native to and grows throughout India, where it plays a role in Ayurvedic medicine, and is also found in China (where it’s used in Chinese natural medicine) as well as parts of Africa
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Balm Mint Extract

Extract derived from a fragrant plant; it poses some risk of causing skin sensitivity
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Balsam Peru

Fatty resin that when applied topically can cause sensitivity. It also has the potential to cause phototoxicity. Balsam peru is also a standard used in patch tests for skin sensitivity due to its high incidence of causing reactions.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Bambusa Vulgaris (Bamboo) Leaf/Stem Extract

Extract from the common bamboo plant. Like many plant extracts, research has shown it is a source of natural antioxidants and can have skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Uncategorized

Average

Banana Extract

Extract from banana fruit that has some weak antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Barberry

Plant whose primary component, berberine, is an alkaloid that can have antioxidant and some skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing

Good

Barium Sulfate

Barium sulfate is an inorganic salt that occurs in nature.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Average

Barley Extract

Extract from barley plants. Can have antioxidant properties when ingested, but there is no research showing this to be the case when applied topically. Barley and its extracts/derivatives are a source of gluten. When fermented (as it is when used to make beer or when combined with yeast in cosmetics), barley extract has been shown to soothe skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Batyl Alcohol

A non-drying fatty alcohol used as a stabilizing and skin-conditioning ingredient in skin care products. It is derived from glycerin.
Categories: Emollients

Poor

Bay Leaf Oil

Can be an antioxidant, but also can be a skin sensitizer due to its fragrant component.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Bearberry Extract

Bearberry extract (Latin name Arctostaphylos uva ursi) has antioxidant properties, and there is a small amount of research showing it can have skin-brightening properties.
Categories: Antioxidants

Poor

Bee Pollen

Can have antioxidant properties, but there is no research showing this to be the case when applied topically. Bee pollen can also be a potent skin sensitizer.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Beeswax

Natural substance made by bees to build the walls of their honeycomb. It is a thickening agent that has some emollient properties, and is often used in lip balms.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Beet Root Extract

Powdered base of the stem (root) of the Beta vulgaris plant. Used as a coloring agent. As with most plants, beet has antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Coloring Agents/Pigments, Plant Extracts

Good

Beheneth-5

A derivative of polyethylene glycol and non-drying behenyl alcohol that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant in skin care products. It can be synthetic or plant-derived.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Behenic Acid

A fatty acid that is used as a thickener, cleansing agent, and opacifier in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Cleansing Agents

Good

Behentrimonium Chloride

A synthetic or plant-derived skin- and hair-conditioning agent and emulsifier.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Behenyl Alcohol

A synthetic or plant-derived thickening agent and emulsifier used in cosmetics. It’s considered a fatty alcohol not related to drying forms of alcohol.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Behenyl Behenate

Behenyl behenate is the wax-like ester of the fatty acid behenic acid and fatty alcohol behenyl alcohol.
Categories: Hydration, Emollients

Poor

Bellis Perennis

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Bentonite

Type of clay that is used as an absorbent in cosmetics. It can be drying for skin, though its absorbent properties are helpful for those with oily skin.
Categories: Absorbent

Average

Benzalkonium Chloride

Used as a preservative in skincare products. It can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Benzephenone-3

Also called oxybenzone, a sunscreen agent that protects skin primarily from the sun’s UVB rays and some, but not all, UVA rays.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Benzoic Acid

Used as a preservative in food and skin care products; it is considered less likely to cause sensitivity than some other forms of cosmetic preservatives.
Categories: Preservatives

Poor

Benzoin Extract

Balsam resin that has some fragrant properties; it may also be sensitizing to skin
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Benzophenone

Group of compounds used in cosmetics as sunscreen agents to protect mostly from UVB radiation and from some, but not all, UVA radiation.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Benzothonium Chloride

Compound used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is generally considered less sensitizing than some other forms of preservatives.
Categories: Preservatives

Best

Benzoyl Peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide is considered the most effective over-the-counter topical acne treatment. Learn more.
Categories: Anti-Acne

Good

Benzyl Alcohol

Derived from natural sources, this non-drying alcohol serves as a preservative in cosmetics products, and is considered one of the least-sensitizing preservatives in use.
Categories: Preservatives

Poor

Benzyl Salicylate

A volatile fragrance chemical with a sweet, floral odor used to impart scent to cosmetic products and perfumes.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Berberis Aristata

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Bergamot Oil

Volatile citrus oil that is a photosensitizer when used topically.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Bertholletia Excelsa Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Beta-Carotene

Member of the carotenoid family. There are hundreds of carotenoids, including lycopene and lutein. Topically, beta-carotene is potentially a good antioxidant, although this benefit is dose dependent.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Beta-Glucan

Soothing ingredient proven to visibly calm skin and reduce signs of sensitivity + redness. Also offers moisturizing and anti-aging properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Beta Hydroxy Acid

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Exfoliant

Good

Betaine

Betaine is an ingredient that works to balance skin’s hydration.
Categories: Hydration

Good

Betaine Salicylate

Derived from sugar beets, this ingredient is sometimes used as an alternative to the exfoliating ingredient salicylic acid in countries where the usage of salicylic acid is prohibited or the amount permitted is severely restricted
Categories: Exfoliant

Best

Beta-Sitosterol

A fatty acid-type ingredient derived from plants. Beta-sitosterol occurs naturally in many fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. It is similar to cholesterol, which occurs naturally in skin. Applied to skin, it is considered a good moisturizing and skin-soothing ingredient.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Beta Vulgaris Root Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Coloring Agents/Pigments, Plant Extracts

Good

Betula Alba

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Betula Alba (Birch) Juice

Betula alba juice is the sap from the birch tree.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Bha (Beta Hydroxy Acid)

BHA, or beta hydroxy acid, is more commonly known as salicylic acid.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Exfoliant, Anti-Acne

Average

Bht

Butylated hydroxytoluene, a potent synthetic antioxidant that also has health concerns when consumed orally. The amount of BHT uses in cosmetic products is typically 0.01-0.1%, and does not pose a risk to skin, nor does it penetrate skin far enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Bifida Ferment Lysate

Probiotic-derived ingredient that strengthens skin’s microbiome, encouraging skin to repair itself. This helps it look younger.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Hydration

Best

Bilberry Extract

Some research shows bilberry (vaccinium myrtillis) to be effective as an antioxidant when ingested.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Bioflavonoid

Diverse range of substances that are components of many fruits and vegetables. Many have been shown to have potent antioxidant activity.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Biotin

Also known as vitamin H, a water-soluble vitamin produced in the body. Considered part of the B complex group of vitamins, biotin is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids (the building blocks of protein). However, it has no reported benefit for skin when applied topically.
Categories: Vitamins

Best

Biotin/Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin/Niacinamide/Pantothenic Acid/Pyridoxine/Riboflavin/Thiamine/Yeast Polypeptides

A blend of several B vitamins plus peptides derived from a strain of lab-produced yeast.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Good

Birch Bark Extract

Extract derived from the plant Betula alba (common name white birch). It can have antioxidant properties, but can also have astringent properties, which makes it a potential sensitizer for skin if it is one of the main ingredients in a product.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Birch Leaf Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Bisabolol

Soothing ingredient with significant skin-calming properties. Can be derived from plants (such as chamomile) or made synthetically.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Bis-Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate

A synthetic ingredient used in skin care products that enhances texture and has emollient properties.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Average

Bismuth Oxychloride

Also known as synthetic pearl, it’s the primary ingredient included in most powders that are referred to as mineral makeup.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Absorbent

Good

Bis-Peg-18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane

A synthetic wax-like skin conditioning agent and surfactant belonging to the chemical class of siloxanes and silicones.
Categories: Silicones, Cleansing Agents, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Bis-Phenylpropyl Dimethicone

A synthetic, silicone-based polymer that functions as an emollient, texture enhancer, and conditioning agent in haircare and skin care products.
Categories: Silicones, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Bitter Orange Flower

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Blackberry

Berries that have potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Black Cohosh

There is no research showing that black cohosh can have this or any effect when applied topically on skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Black Currant Oil

Non-volatile plant oil.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Black Elderberry

Also known as black elderberry or Sambucus nigra, this plant has potent antioxidant properties due to the flavonoid compounds naturally present. Elderberry has skin-soothing effects.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Black Locust Extract

Extract that can have antioxidant properties, although it also may have harmful components.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Black Mulberry

Due to its arbutin content, this extract can have some value in improving the look of discolorations. Although there is limited research showing this to be the case, the research has been done only in vitro.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Black Pepper Extract And Oil

Used topically it can cause significant skin sensitivity. May be listed by its Latin name Capsicum.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Black Raspberry

Fruit that has potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Black Tea

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Bladderwrack Extract

Extract derived from seaweed; it can be an effective antioxidant and has water-binding properties for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Bloodwort

Also known as yarrow.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Blue 1

Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Blue 1 Lake

A water-insoluble pigment used in cosmetics. It is also used as a food coloring and made from combining an organic pigment with one or more minerals.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Best

Boerhavia Diffusa Root Extract

Skin-soothing antioxidant that delivers additional beneficial compounds, such as amino acids. May also help correct uneven skin tone.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Bois De Rose Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Bois Oil

Fragrant oil that has no research showing it has benefit for skin (Source: www.naturaldatabase.com).
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Borage Seed Extract

Extract of the plant Borago officinalis, it can have soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Borage Seed Oil

Non-fragrant plant oil that contains gamma linolenic acid and other essential fatty acids for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Emollients, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Borago Officinalis Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Borago Officinalis Seed Oil

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Emollients, Antioxidants

Poor

Borate

Group of compounds used in cosmetics in small quantities primarily as pH adjusters (they have a pH of 9 to 11). In larger amounts, due to their high pH, they can be significant skin sensitizers.
Categories: Preservatives

Poor

Borax

Also known as sodium borate decahydrate, borax is a mineral composed of sodium, boron, oxygen, and water. It has preservative properties. The pH range of borax is about 9 to 11; therefore, it can be a significant skin sensitizer when used in cosmetics.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Boric Acid

May have skin soothing and restoring benefits, but it is primarily used to improve stability of a formula.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Boron Nitride

A synthetic compound that adds slip, enhances texture, and can also thicken certain formulas.
Categories: Absorbent

Poor

Boswellia Carterii

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Average

Boswellia Serrata Extract

An extract from the gum resin of a tree and also a source of Indian frankincense, this plant extract has both positive and negative qualities for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Plant Extracts

Average

Botanicals

General term for a large group of natural ingredients. Botanicals may or may not be organic, and their benefit or risk for your skin depends on the specific botanical in question.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Boysenberry

Berry that can have potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Brassica Campestris

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients

Good

Brazil Nut Extract

Extract for which there is a small amount of research showing it can have antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Broad Spectrum

Term that refers to a sunscreen’s ability to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. Current FDA regulations state that in order for any SPF-rated product to make a broad spectrum claim, it must pass what's known as a critical wavelength test and have the required testing done to confirm its SPF rating is 15 or greater.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Bromelain

Bromelain is a crude extract from the pineapple that contains, among other components, various closely related proteinases, demonstrating skin-soothing activities.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Exfoliant

Poor

Bronopol

Technical name 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, a formaldehyde-releasing preservative. When combined with an amine in cosmetics it may release nitrosamines.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Bronze Powder

Mineral coloring agent derived from copper. Permanently listed (since 1977) by the FDA as a safe coloring additive.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Best

Buddleja Davidii Extract

Plant also known as summer lilac or butterfly bush (because the flowers are a food source for butterflies). The extracts of this plant have potent antioxidant properties and also serves to soothe skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Bumetrizole

Sunscreen ingredient that absorbs primarily UVB light.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Average

Bupleurum Falcatum Extract

A plant used in Chinese medicine for a varitety of ailments. Some research has shown this extract to have skin-soothing and antioxidant properties. There is no research showing extracts of this plant have any benefit when applied to skin. It does contain glucoside and polysaccharide, but whether these can affect skin through topical application of the extract is unknown.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Burdock Root

Plant extract whose active constituents are skin-soothing and antioxidant. Whether the leaves, roots, or seeds are used, burdock is a helpful ingredient for all skin types. It can be problematic for those sensitive to plants in the ragweed family.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Butyl Acetate

Solvent used in nail polish and many other products.
Categories: Film-Forming Agents, Texture Enhancer

Good

Butylene Glycol

Humectant (hydration booster), texture/penetration enhancer, and formulary solvent. May also help decrease rough surface skin and stabilize the formula.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane

Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Butylparaben

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben, isobutylparaben, propylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben.
Categories: Preservatives

Poor

Butylphenyl Methylpropional

Synthetic fragrance ingredient with a strong floral scent.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Butyrospermum Fruit

Fruit from the karite tree, scientific name Butyrospermum parkii, from which the fat is obtained to make shea butter.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Butyrospermum Parkii

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter) Unsaponifiables

A highly moisturizing portion of shea butter that also has soothing and barrier-repairing benefits that are very helpful for dry skin and lips.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Butyrosperum Parkii (Shea) Butter Extract

Butyrosperum parkii (shea) butter extract doesn’t just have a rich texture; it’s also a rich source of antioxidants and replenishing antioxidants.
Categories: Emollients, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Buxus Chinensis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Best

C10-30 Cholesterol/Lanosterol Esters

A complex mixture of fatty acids from lanolin and cholesterol that conditions skin and helps create thicker textures in cosmetics.
Categories: Emollients

Good

C11-15 Pareth-7

C11-15 pareth-7 is a lightweight, synthetic mixture of fatty alcohols and polyethylene glycols that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers

Good

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate

Skin-softening, moisture-sealing emollient that can also be used to improve the smooth/even dispersion of a formula.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

C12-16 Pareth-9

C12-16 pareth-9 is a lightweight, synthetic mixture of fatty alcohols and polyethylene glycols that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers

Good

C12-18 Acid Triglyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

C13-14 Isoparaffin

A petroleum-derived ingredient whose wax-like texture functions as a thickening or gelling agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

C13-15 Alkane

C13-15 alkane is a synthetic blend of alkanes that functions as a solvent.
Categories: Skin-Softening, Miscellaneous

Good

C18-36 Acid Triglyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

C20-40 Pareth-40

Mixture of polyethylene glycols of various molecular weight that can function as stabilizing agents, solubolizers, and surfactants.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Best

Caffeic Acid

Potent antioxidant. Caffeic acid is derived from plants and is in fact found in most plants.
Categories: Antioxidants

GOOD

Caffeine

PROTECTS: with its deeply hydrating and antioxidant properties, it works against fine lines , dehydration and free radical damage.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Cajeputi Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Calamine

Preparation of zinc carbonate, colored with ferric oxide (a form of rust). It is a sensitizer when applied to skin so it should be used only as needed.
Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Calcium Aluminum Borosilicate

Calcium aluminum borosilicate is a mineral-derived thickening agent often used in powders.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Best

Calcium Ascorbate

Form of vitamin C; other forms include ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Calcium ascorbate, often referred to as Ester-C, is considered a stable form of vitamin C and an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Good

Calcium Carbonate

Chalk; used as an absorbent in cosmetics.
Categories: Absorbent

Good

Calcium D-Pantetheine-S-Sulfonate

Categories: Vitamins

Good

Calcium Gluconate

Calcium is an essential mineral for the body. A small amount of research shows calcium gluconate may be a good skin-soothing and restorative agent when applied topically.
Categories: Skin-Soothing

Good

Calcium Pantothenate

Also known as pantothenic acid.
Categories: Vitamins

Best

Calcium Pca

Calcium PCA is the calcium salt of PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid), which is a key component of skin’s natural moisturizing factor, or NMF.
Categories: Hydration, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Calendula Extract

Extract derived from the plant commonly known as pot marigold or Calendula officinalis, there is little research showing that it has any effect on skin, though it may have skin-soothing and antioxidant properties. If you have ragweed (or similar plant) sensitivities, topical application of calendula is not recommended.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract

Non-fragrant antioxidant plant extract that has skin-soothing and redness-reducing properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Calluna Vulgaris Flower Extract

Also known as heather extract, this plant has skin-soothing properties. Heather is considered a medicinal plant in certain parts of Europe, and has been studied in the field of ethno pharmacology.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Camellia Japonica Flower Extract

Camellia japonica flower extract is also known as Tsubaki, Japanese camellia, common camellia.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Camellia Oleifera

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Camellia Sinensis

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Camphor

Aromatic substance obtained from the wood of a tree common to Southeast Asia, Cinnamomum camphora or manufactured synthetically.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Cananga Extract

Fragrance used in cosmetics; it can be sensitizing to skin, much like ylang ylang.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Cananga Odorata

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Candelilla/Jojoba/Rice Bran Polyglyceryl-3 Esters

A natural mixture of polyglycerin-3, candelilla wax, jojoba seed wax, and rice bran wax that functions as a stabilizer and emulsifier in cosmetics. It is chemically known as a transester because the ingredient contains three different components that are chemically combined to create a new ingredient.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Candelilla Wax

Extract derived from candelilla plants; used as a thickening agent and emollient to give products such as lipsticks or stick foundations their form.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Best

Cannabidiol

Cannabidiol is one of the components of the Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica plants.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Skin-Soothing

Best

Cannabis Sativa Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Canola Oil

Plant lipid that has skin restoring and soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Skin-Replenishing, Plant Extracts

Best

Caprooyl Phytosphingosine

A mixture of fatty acids caproic acid and phytosphingosine.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Restoring

Best

Caprooyl Sphingosine

A mixture of fatty acids caproic acid and sphingosine.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Restoring

Best

Caprooyl Tetrapeptide-3

A synthetic or plant-derived signal peptide that’s said to help to boost the natural production of supportive substances skin needs to look younger and feel firmer.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

Emollient and skin-replenishing ingredient derived from coconut oil and glycerin. Contains fatty acids that help skin resist moisture loss.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer

A naturally-derived (coconut and castor oil) or synthetic ingredient that functions as a polymer and film-forming agent as well as a replacement for silicones in cosmetic formulas.
Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Texture Enhancer

Good

Capryloyl Glycine

An amino acid which works to improve visible signs of aging, improve moisture retention and promote skin repair and regeneration. Glycine is also used as a buffering agent. Glycine is thought to help support healthy collagen production and stimulation.
Categories: Hydration

Best

Capryloyl Salicylic Acid

Capryloyl salicylic acid is a derivative (ester) of salicylic acid developed by L’Oreal.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Exfoliant

Good

Caprylyl Caprylate/Caprate

A synthetic ester blend of medium chain fatty acids and fatty alcohol that works as an emollient.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Good

Caprylyl Glycol

Skin and hair conditioning agent that may be plant-derived or synthetic. Often used as part of a preservative blend in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Preservatives

Good

Caprylyl Methicone

A synthetic or plant-derived silicone polymer that conditions skin and provides a permeable barrier that helps prevent moisture loss.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients

Poor

Capsaicin

Component of capsicum. It has the potential to aggravate skin when applied topically.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Capsicum

Large group of plants consisting primarily of the pepper family, including chili peppers and paprika. Capsicum and substances derived from it can cause skin aggravation and should never be applied to abraded skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Capsicum Oleoresin

Fatty resin derived from capsicum plants. It can aggravate skin and should not be applied to abraded skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Caramel

Natural coloring agent.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Carbomer

Group of thickening agents used primarily to create gel-like formulations.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Carbopol

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Carboxylic Acid

Categories: Antioxidants

Poor

Cardamom

Plant of the ginger family, used as fragrance in cosmetics. Terpene, one of its major constituents, can aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Carmine

Natural red color that comes from the dried female cochineal beetle. It is sometimes used to color lip gloss, lipsticks, and other cosmetics. The FDA approved carmine for food use in 1977.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Carnauba Wax

Natural, hard wax obtained from the leaves of palm trees. Used primarily as a thickening agent, but also has film-forming and absorbent properties.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Absorbent, Texture Enhancer

Best

Carnitine

Naturally occurring amino acid. Research into how this amino acid affects skin when applied topically is limited, though a few studies indicate it can be an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Carnosic Acid

Component of rosemary that is a potent antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Carnosine

Peptide that offers skin-soothing + antioxidant properties. Studies show promise for improving signs of aging, including wrinkles.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Carnosol Acid

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Carrageenan

Seaweed gum used in cosmetics as a thickening agent with water-binding properties.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Best

Carrot Oil

Emollient plant oil similar to other nonfragrant plant oils.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Best

Carthamus Tinctorius Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Poor

Carvone

Essential oil used as a flavoring agent and fragrance component in cosmetics. It can aggravate skin.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Carya Illinoensis Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Casein

Substance derived from milk protein that may have some antioxidant properties when applied topically, although the research for this is limited.
Categories: Uncategorized

Best

Cassia Angustifolia Seed Polysaccharide

most know as Botanical Hyaluronic Acid. The Cassia angustifolia extract is inspired by Ayurveda and rich in galactomannans and high content of polysaccharides, which naturally mimics hyaluronic acid. This botanical extract has been proven to deliver 4 times longer and more hydration than synthetic hyaluronic acid. When applied to the skin, botanical hyaluronic acid creates a protective layer on the skin that retains moisture, helps boost the elasticity and hydration levels of the skin. This creates a firmer, more toned and plump appearance to the skin, and naturally minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It also defends the skin from airborne pollutants and other sources of environmental stress.
Categories: Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Castanea Sativa Seed Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Castor Isostearate Succinate

Derived from castor seed oil, this ingredient conditions and moisturizes skin.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Castor Oil

Vegetable oil derived from the castor bean whose main fatty acis is ricinoleic acid. It is used in cosmetics as an emollient, though its unique property is that when dry it forms a solid film that can have water-binding properties.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Catalase

Enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen and that has significant antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Caulerpa Taxifolia Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Poor

Cedarwood

Fragrant plant extract. There is evidence that cedarwood oil can aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Cedrus Atlantica Bark Extract

Fragrant oil that can aggravate skin.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Cellulose

Primary fiber component of plants. Used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and to bind other ingredients together.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Good

Cellulose Gum

A natural, plant-derived ingredient that is most often used as a thickener but also used as a film-forming agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Best

Centaurea Cyanus

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Centella Asiatica

also known as Gotu Kola is a perennial herb that grows primarily in Asia. Centella asiatica first gained popularity in South Korea, where it’s the star ingredient in moisturizers known as “cica creams.” “Cica” is a shortening of the term Centella asiatica, and these creams are well known for their soothing, anti-inflammatory properties. It is a multitasking ingredient thanks to its active compounds, including madecassoside. Centella asiatica itself also has been shown to have potent antioxidant properties and to be a rich source of amino acids, and there’s additional research showing that it’s a good hydrating ingredient to soothe upset or compromised skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Cephalin

Phospholipid.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Cera Alba

See beeswax.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Cera Microcristallina

Used as a thickener and to give products a semi-solid to solid smooth texture. Utilized most abundantly in lip care products.
Categories: Emollients

Best

Ceramide Ap

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Ceramide Eop

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Ceramide Eos

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Ceramide Ng

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Ceramide Np

One of several types of ceramides.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Ceramide Ns

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Ceramides

Naturally occurring, long chains of lipids (fats) that are major components of skin’s outer layers. Skin inhibits water movement and controls loss via its structure, which has a unique composition of 50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol, and 15% free fatty acids.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Ceresin

Derived from clay, ceresin is a waxy ingredient used as a thickening agent in cosmetics. It can aggravate some skin types.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Ceteareth-20

A derivative of non-irritating fatty alcohol cetearyl alcohol that works as a cleansing agent and by making other substances more soluble.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Ceteareth-25

A fatty alcohol that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Ceteareth-6 Olivate

A mixture of a derivative of fatty alcohol cetearyl alcohol and a fatty acid from olives. Works to make emulsions stable and offers skin-smoothing emollient properties.
Categories: Emollients, Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Cetearyl Alcohol

Beneficial emollient for skin (completely different from damaging/drying forms of alcohol). Also influences the foaming effects of a cleanser.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Cetearyl Ethylhexanoate

A derivative of fatty alcohol cetearyl alcohol and a colorless, thicker oil known as 2-ethylhexanoic acid. Works as a rich emollient and is excellent for dry skin.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Cetearyl Glucoside

Emulsifier that helps keep unlike ingredients (such as oil and water) from separating in a formula.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Cetearyl Octanoate

Categories: Texture Enhancer, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Good

Cetearyl Olivate

Cetearyl olivate is an ester of cetearyl alcohol and fatty acids from olive oil.
Categories: Slip Agents, Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Cetyl Acetate

A mixture of cetyl alcohol and acetic acid used as a skin-replenishing agent and emollient.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Cetyl Alcohol

Fatty alcohol used as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients. Can be derived naturally, as in coconut fatty alcohol, or made synthetically. It is not an irritant and is not related to SD alcohol, denatured alcohol, or ethyl alcohol. Cetyl alcohol is considered safe for use in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Cetyl Dimethicone

A silicone polymer that plays multiple roles in cosmetics. It can be a foam-reducing agent, emollient, emulsifier, and occlusive (meaning it prevents water loss but does not suffocate skin).
Categories: Silicones

Good

Cetyl Dimethicone Copolyol

Categories: Silicones, Emollients

Good

Cetyl Esters

A synthetic wax that is a replacement for a wax that’s obtained from sperm whales. Works on skin as an emollient and texture enhancer, typically creating a thicker feel.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose

A derivative of fatty alcohol cetearyl alcohol and a thicker oil known as 2-ethylhexanoic acid. Works as a rich emollient and is excellent for dry skin.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Cetyl Palmitate

Cetyl palmitate is a blend of cetyl alcohol and palmitic acid that conditions skin and helps prevent water loss. The waxy nature of this ingredient makes it preferred for dry skin
Categories: Emollients

Good

Cetyl Peg/Ppg-10/1-Dimethicone

Silicone that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and emulsifier.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Silicones

Best

Chamomile

Ingredient derived from plant species Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria recutita, and Matricaria chamomilla. Chamomile tea, brewed from dried flower heads, has been used traditionally for a variety of concerns.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Charcoal

Primarily carbon substance formed by charring organic material in absence of oxygen. One teaspoonful of Activated Charcoal USP has a surface area of more than 10,000 square feet, which gives charcoal unique absorption properties.
Categories: Absorbent

Good

Charcoal Powder

Primarily carbon substance formed by charring organic material in absence of oxygen. One teaspoonful of Activated Charcoal USP has a surface area of more than 10,000 square feet, which gives charcoal unique absorption properties.
Categories: Absorbent

Good

Chelating Agent

Any of numerous ingredients that bind with metal ions or metallic compounds, preventing them from adhering to a surface (such as skin, hair, or clothing) or causing contamination, such as in the case of trace amounts of iron. Examples are tetrasodium EDTA and tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine.
Categories: Uncategorized

Best

Cherry Extract

Also known as wild cherry and sweet cherry, cherry extract is a natural source of vitamin C.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

China Clay

Categories: Absorbent

Best

Chitosan

Derived from chitin, a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of shrimp, lobster, and crabs. There is extensive research showing it can be effective in skin restoring and soothing.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Good

Chlorella

Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Chlorophene

Used as a preservative in cosmetics.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Chloroxylenol

Chemical compound used as a preservative.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Chlorphenesin

Type of alcohol used as a preservative in cosmetics.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Cholecalciferol

Technical name for vitamin D.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Cholesterol

Plays a key role in maintaining skin’s health, softness, and hydration.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Choline

Part of the vitamin B complex and a constituent of many other biologically important molecules, such as acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) and lecithin.
Categories: Vitamins

Best

Chondroitin Sulfate

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Chondrus Crispus (Algae) Extract

Chondrus crispus, also known as red algae, is a type of seaweed that’s a rich source of many nutrients for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Hydration

Good

Chromium Hydroxide Green

Earth mineral used as a coloring agent/additive and permanently listed (as of 1977) by the FDA for use in cosmetic products.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Chromium Oxide Green

Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Best

Chrysanthellum Indicum (Golden Chamomile) Extract

Chrysanthellum indicum is a form of chamomile that, like other forms, has soothing properties when applied to skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Chrysanthemum Extract

Can have soothing benefit for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Average

Chrysanthemum Parthenium Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Cichorium Intybus

Source of a plant extract with antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Cimicifuga Racemosa Root Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Cinnamomum

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Cinnamomum Camphora

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Cinnamon

Can have antioxidant properties, but also can aggravate skin. May be listed as Cinnamomum camphora.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Cinnamyl Alcohol

A volatile fragrance ingredient that contains extracts from cinnamon and balsam of Peru and is capable of aggravating skin.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Citrate Buffer

Citrate buffer is a buffered mixture of sodium citrate and citric acid and is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Citric Acid

Fruit-derived ingredient used in skin care products to adjust pH. In the right concentration/formula, it can also exfoliate skin.
Categories: Uncategorized

Poor

Citronellol

A volatile fragrance chemical extracted from geranium, rose, and other plants, citronellol has a characteristic grassy, citrus-like scent.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Citrullus Colocynthis

Bitter apple; considered sensitizing to skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Citrus Amara

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Citrus Aurantifolia

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Citrus Aurantium

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Citrus Aurantium Extract

Bitter orange extract. It can have antioxidant properties when eaten (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, December 1999, pages 5239–5244); however, used topically its methanol content makes it potentially sensitizing for skin
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Citrus Medica Limonium

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Average

Citrus Unshiu

Plant extract more commonly known as the satsuma. This medium-sized citrus fruit is native to Japan. Like all citrus extracts, it contains volatile fragrance chemicals that can be a source of skin aggravation.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Citrus Unshiu Peel Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Clary Oil

Used as fragrance; can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Clary Sage

Also known as Salvia sclarea, the extract from the clary sage plant (not to be confused with common sage leaf) has antioxidant properties, although it isn’t nearly as well researched as several other plant extracts with antioxidant benefits. Note that the oil form of clary sage can be a skin sensitizer and should be avoided. The main antioxidants in clary extract come from the seeds, and include vitamin E, lutein, and various carotenoids.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Clay

Categories: Absorbent

Best

Clitoria Ternatea (Butterfly Pea) Flower Extract

Clitoria ternatea is a perennial herb more commonly known as butterfly pea because of the pea-shaped, wing-like flowers it produces.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Clove Leaf

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Clove Oil

Can aggravate skin when used repeatedly.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Clover Blossom

Contains eugenol, which can be a skin sensitizer and cause photosensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Clover Leaf Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts

Average

Cocamide Dea And Mea

Both cocamide DEA (diethanolamine) and MEA (monoethanolamine) are widely used to thicken the water phase of cosmetics, keep ingredients blended, and boost foaming properties. Derived from plants (typically coconut oil) or made synthetically, these ingredients have been thoroughly evaluated for safety and are permitted for use in leave-on products in concentrations up to 10%.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Cleansing Agents

Good

Cocamidopropyl Betaine

Gentle cleansing ingredient used in face and body washes that can help increase lather. It can be naturally derived from coconut oil or produced synthetically.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Cocamidopropyl Dimethylamine

An antistatic agent derived from fatty acids found in coconut oil, though it may be produced synthetically, too. Although very high concentrations can be sensitizing, this ingredient is considered safe and effective when used in lower amounts in water-based formulas.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine

A coconut-derived mild cleansing agent that is often used with stronger cleansing agents or to help a cleanser create an aesthetically pleasing lather.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Best

Coccinia Indica (Ivy Gourd) Fruit Extract

Ivy gourd is a fruit that acts as a natural skin-conditioning agent.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Hydration

Best

Cocoa Butter

Oil extracted from cocoa beans, used as an emollient and with properties similar to those of other non-fragrant plant oils. Cocoa butter is a rich source of antioxidant polyphenols.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Cocoa Extract

Can have potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Coco-Caprylate

A lightweight, easy-to-spread emollient ingredient that smooths and softens skin.
Categories: Emollients, Hydration

Good

Coco Caprylate/Caprate

An emollient that leaves a non-greasy, soft finish on skin. Can also function as a prebiotic to help feed skin’s natural supply of probiotics.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Good

Coco-Glucoside

A mixture of fatty alcohol from coconut and the sugar glucose that chiefly functions as a mild cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Cocoglycerides

Derived from coconut oil, these serve to moisturize skin and can help thicken skin care products to their desired texture.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Coconut

Has degreasing and cleansing properties, which is why detergent cleansing agents are frequently derived from coconut oil.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Cleansing Agents

Good

Coconut Acid

A natural mixture of fatty acid found in coconut oil primarily used as a cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Best

Coconut Oil

Non-volatile plant kernel oil that has emollient properties for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Fruit Extract

The extract of the fruit of the coconut tree, this ingredient is rich in skin-conditioning fatty acids, proteins, and complex B vitamins.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Good

Cocoyl Proline

A blend of coconut acid with the amino acid proline. This synthetic or plant-derived ingredient helps to soften skin and condition hair.
Categories: Hydration

Best

Cocus Nucifera

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Codium Tomentosum Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Coenzyme Q10

Also known as ubiquinone, it is a vitamin-like, fat-soluble substance naturally present in the body. A handful of studies have shown that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may help improve the appearance of signs of aging.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Fruit Extract

Coffee fruit extract is an excellent antioxidant when applied to skin, or consumed orally.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Seed Oil

The concentrated oil from the coffee bean plant, which is green, not dark brown as this color doesn't occur until coffee beans are roasted. Research on this oil's effect on skin is intriguing.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Coffea Arabica Seed Extract

Coffea arabica is the coffee plant, and there is research showing that coffee extract has antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Cola Acuminata Seed Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Coleus Barbatus

Member of the mint family and also known as forskolin; can aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Collagen Amino Acids

Collagen amino acids are made from the hydrolysis (breaking down with water) of protein, resulting in a high amount of a single amino acid, hydroxyproline, which serves to increase skin’s moisture levels and smoothness.
Categories: Hydration, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Colloidal Oatmeal

Categories: Skin-Soothing

Poor

Colloidal Silver

Refers to ground-up silver suspended in solution.
Categories: Uncategorized

Poor

Comfrey Extract

Extract of a perennial herb that several studies have shown can have harmful properties when taken orally.
Categories: Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Commiphora Myrrha Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Coneflower

Another name for echinacea; has soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Copaifera Officinalis

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Copernicia Cerifera Wax

Primarily used as a thickening agent, but also has film-forming and absorbent properties. Can be used to impart glossy shine.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer, Absorbent

Good

Copper Gluconate

The salt form of the mineral copper combined with glucoronic acid, which is a building block of hyaluronic acid. It helps transport water and other substances within skin.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Copper Lysinate/Prolinate

An amino acid/mineral complex that limited yet potentially exciting research has shown has the potential to improve the look of multiple signs of aging.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Copper Pca

A synthetic skin-conditioning agent composed of the copper salt of PCA (Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid).
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Copper Peptides

Copper peptides combine the element copper with three amino acids. Copper peptides occur naturally in the body, and is a growing body of research concerning how copper peptides may improve the appearance of multiple signs of aging, but this concerns synthetic, lab-engineered peptides.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Copper Sulfate

Effective for soothing skin, but there is no research showing it has any impact when used in skincare products.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Corallina Officinalis Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Coriander

Herb and spice plant, the source of a fragrant component; it can aggravate skin.Newer research has shown that coriander leaf extract has restorative benefit, which is likely due to coriander leaf being a rich source of linolenic acid.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Cornflower

Can have skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Cornmint

Also known as wild mint; it can be sensitizing to skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Corn Oil

Emollient oil with properties similar to those of other nonfragrant plant oils.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Cornstarch

Starch obtained from corn and sometimes used as an absorbent in cosmetics instead of talc.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Absorbent

Good

Cornus Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Corylus Americana

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Corylus Avellana

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Coumarin

Organic compound found in plants and derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. It creates the fragrance in fresh-mowed hay. More than 300 coumarins have been identified from natural sources, especially green plants. However, simple coumarins are potent antioxidants.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Cranberry Seed Extract

Extract of the cranberry fruit. Natural components known as proanthocyanidins are responsible for this extract’s antioxidant and skin-soothing properties. The proanthocyanins (antioxidant compounds) in cranberry are believed to be primarily responsible for its health-promoting effects when consumed as juice, a powder, or a supplement.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Cranberry Seed Oil

Extract derived from the seed of this red berry; the oil (which is not red) has potent antioxidant ability because it is a rich source of polyphenols as well as skin-restoring benefits.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Crataegus Monogina Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Creatine

An amino acid found in the human body that helps contribute to skin health.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Good

Cucumber Extract

Non-sensitizing plant extract (also known by its Latin name of Cucumis sativus). Most types of cucumber are composed of 95% water, and the other constituents primarily include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), caffeic acid (an antioxidant), fatty acids, the mineral silica, plus other trace minerals.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Cucumis Melo (Melon) Fruit Extract

More commonly known as cantaloupe or honeydew melon, Cucumis melo (melon) is a fruit rich in vitamins A and C and a wide range of various antioxidant compounds.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Cucumis Sativus Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Cucurbita Pepo Seed Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Cucurbitea Peponis

Categories: Antioxidants, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Plant Extracts, Vitamins, Skin-Restoring

Best

Curcuma Longa Root

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Curcumin

Potent antioxidant and soothing spice that can be effective in replenishing skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Good

Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba

Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Good

Cyanocobalamin

Categories: Vitamins

Poor

Cyclamen Aldehyde

Synthetic fragrant component in products; it can aggravate skin.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Cyclohexasiloxane

One of the numerous forms of synthetic silicone
Categories: Emollients

Good

Cyclomethicone

Silicone that is used to improve the aesthetics of a formula (its dry finish can help make moisturizers feel less greasy).
Categories: Emollients

Good

Cyclopentasiloxane

Lightweight, conditioning silicone that creates silky-smooth spreadabilty and an enhanced sensorial feel. Also promotes even distribution of other ingredients in a formula.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Cyclotetrasiloxane

A type of silicone that is most often utilized for contributing emollience to a formula and delivering a skin-softening effect.
Categories: Emollients

Poor

Cymbopogon Citrates

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Cymbopogon Martini

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Cysteine

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Cystine

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

D&C

According to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), D&C indicates that a coloring agent has been approved as safe in drug and cosmetics products, but it does not apply to food.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

D&C Colors

General term for a wide group of color additives that are approved for use in drugs and cosmetics but not in foods (foods may only be colored with FD&C-approved dyes). Many red dyes fall into this category due to concern about oral consumption.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Poor

Daisy Flower Extract

There is no research showing this extract has any benefit for skin. Also known as tansy, it can cause severe sensitivity and is considered unsafe for topical application.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

D-Alpha-Tocopherol

The most optimal form of Vitamin E. This amazing ingredient has extraordinary properties that are highly beneficial for skin’s health. It protects the lipid barrier and allows a long-lasting moisture retention thus keeping the skin hydrated and balanced. It has soothing, anti-inflammatory and healing capabilities. It is also a powerful antioxidant hence it defends the skin from environmental aggressions and it discourages sebum oxidation which leads to blackheads and clogged pores.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Poor

Daucus Carota

Also known as wild carrot. It can have antioxidant properties, but applied topically it can cause sensitivity.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Dea Oleth-10 Phosphate

Used as an emulsifying agent, which is a group of ingredients essential to most cosmetic formulations because they can keep unlike ingredients mixed together smoothly (a prime example is oil and water).
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Decarboxy Carnosine Hcl

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Skin-Restoring

Good

Decylene Glycol

Functions as a skin-conditioning agent that can help enhance the penetration of other ingredients.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Decyl Glucoside

A synthetic cleansing agent considered very mild on skin. It’s made from a mix of fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and the sugar glucose.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Decyl Oleate

A skin-conditioning agent with research backing its ability to improve immediate skin hydration. Its composition is similar to skin’s natural lipids.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Dehydroacetic Acid

A synthetic preservative used in amounts of 0.6% or less where it’s proven to be safe and effective. Dehydroacetic acid is characterized as a white to cream crystalline powder. Sometimes its salt form (known as sodium dehydroacetate) is used, as it is more soluble in certain types of cosmetic formulas. Dehydroacetic acid is most effective on fungi.
Categories: Preservatives

Average

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Deionized/Demineralized Water

Filtered water used in cosmetics. All water used in cosmetic formulations goes through this process to remove components that could interfere with a product’s stability and performance.
Categories: Uncategorized

Poor

Denatured Alcohol

Denatured alcohol is a drying type of alcohol that aggravates and weakens skin. Typically, if denatured alcohol is listed as the fifth ingredient or higher, it is of considerable risk for sensitizing skin.
Categories: Sensitizing

Average

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Detergent Cleansing Agent

Categories: Cleansing Agents

Average

Deuterium Oxide

Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Dextran

Polysaccharide that has water-binding properties for skin. Can be used to create a skin care product’s hydrogel structure.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Dextrin

Carbohydrate that is classified as a polysaccharide. It is used as an adhesive when mixed with water. For skin it can have water-binding properties.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Dha

Categories: Uncategorized

Average

Diatomaceous Earth

Light-colored porous rock composed of the skeletons of minute sea creatures called diatoms. Typically used as an abrasive material in scrub products.
Categories: Scrub Agents

Average

Diazolidinyl Urea

Water-soluble preservative.
Categories: Preservatives

Average

Dibutyl Phthalate

Also known as DBP, it is a common ingredient in nail polish and most synthetic fragrances sold today. It is used as a plasticizer, fragrance stabilizer, and is a key component in giving nail polish its unique properties.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Dicaprylyl Carbonate

A skin-conditioning agent, emollient and solvent that helps enhance the absorption of other ingredients in a cosmetic formula. May be derived from synthetic or animal sources.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Dicetyl Phosphate

A mix of portions from cetyl alcohol and phosphoric acid that functions as surfactant and emulsifier.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Diethylhexyl Carbonate

Functions as a lightweight emollient. Can also be used in sunscreen formulas to help keep the active ingredients dispersed throughout the formula.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Diethylhexyl Malate

Emollient and skin-conditioning agent derived from the solvent ethyl hexanediol.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Diethylhexyl Syringylidenemalonate

An ester that functions as a stabilizing antioxidant and helps protect cosmetics products from chemical or physical deterioration induced by light.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Diheptyl Succinate

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Dihydrocholeth-30

A synthetic ingredient that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant. It's also known as PEG-30 dihydrocholesteryl ester. This ingredient is most commonly used in cleansers, makeup removers, toners, and moisturizers.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Dihydroxyacetone

Ingredient that affects the color of skin and that is present in most self-tanners. Derived from sugar, it reacts with amino acids found in the top layers of skin to create a shade of brown; the effect takes place within two to six hours and it can build color depth with every reapplication. It has a long history of safe use when applied topically to skin, where it affects only the uppermost layers. Dihydroxyacetone doesn’t pose a health risk to skin.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Diisooctyl Succinate

Diisooctyl succinate is a synthetic or plant-derived (Paula’s Choice uses the latter) transparent liquid emollient.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Good

Diisopropyl Adipate

Used as a film-forming agent, emollient, and skin-conditioning agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Diisopropyl Dimer Dilinoleate

A synthetic ester that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Diisostearoyl Trimethylolpropane Siloxy Silicate

Emollient in the silicone family.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients

Good

Diisostearyl Dimer Dilinoleate

A synthetic ester that functions as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent. May be animal-derived.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Diisostearyl Malate

Diisostearyl malate is an ester that functions as an emollient in cosmetics. It is created from malic acid and isostearyl alcohol. This ingredient is most commonly used in lipsticks and has been deemed safe for use by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review board.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Diisostearyl Polyglyceryl-3 Dimer Dilinoleate

Diisostearyl polyglyceryl-3 dimer dilinoleate is an emollient blend of fatty acids often used in cosmetics to enhance coverage.
Categories: Skin-Softening, Emollients, Emulsifiers

Good

Dimer Dilinoleyl Dimer Dilinoleate

A mixture of fatty acids and a fatty alcohol. This synthetic ingredient is most often used to give texture and form to lipstick and lip gloss. Some cosmetic companies use this ingredient in place of lanolin.
Categories: Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Dimethicone

An emollient silicone known for its permeable (think breathable) barrier that helps skin retain hydration. It has a uniquely silky, non-greasy feel.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Dimethicone/Peg-10/15 Crosspolymer

A mixture of the silicone dimethicone with PEG-10 and PEG-15.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients

Good

Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer

A silicone powder that gives cosmetics products a silky feel and has some oil absorption properties.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Silicones

Good

Dimethicone Copolyol

Categories: Silicones, Emollients

Good

Dimethicone Crosspolymer

A silicone derivative used as a stabilizing and suspending agent or as a thickener in skin care products.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients, Silicones

Good

Dimethiconol

Categories: Silicones, Emollients

Good

Dimethyl Capramide

Functions as a stabilizer and solvent in cosmetics.
Categories: Uncategorized

Poor

Dimethyl Ether

Colorless gas used as a propellant in aerosol products. It is harmful if inhaled and can aggravate skin.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Dimethyl Isosorbide

Dimethyl isosorbide is a clear, slighlty oily-feeling liquid that functions as a solvent and may be plant-based or synthetic.
Categories: Uncategorized

Average

Dimethyl Mea

Categories: Skin-Restoring

Average

Dioscorea Villosa Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline

A peptide blend that supports skin’s own collagen by helping to firm and reduce the look of lines on skin and lips.
Categories: Hydration

Good

Dipentaerythrityl Hexacaprylate/Hexacaprate

Mixture of fatty acids used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickening agent. Leaves skin feeling soft and conditioned.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Dipentaerythrityl Tetrabehenate/Polyhydroxystearate

Used in skin care to create the right amount of slip and help bind moisture. Its substantive texture produces lasting results.
Categories: Hydration, Texture Enhancer

Best

Dipeptide-2

Dipeptide-2 is a small, less complex synthetic peptide made up of the amino acids tryptophan and valine.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Dipotassium Phosphate

A synthetic salt that helps to adjust and maintain the pH of water-based and water soluble cosmetic formulas. Dipotassium phosphate is also used in foods as a buffering agent to improve food texture, where it has GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Di-Ppg-3 Myristyl Ether Adipate

Derivative of myristyl alcohol (a fatty alcohol) and adipic acid (a buffering and neutralizing ingredient). It is used as a skin-conditioning agent and solvent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Dipropylene Glycol

A synthetic texture enhancer and slip agent in cosmetics products.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate

Mild cleansing agent derived from coconut; considered one of the gentlest surfactants used in facial cleansers.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Disodium Cocoyl Glutamate

Gentle cleansing agent derived from coconut, generally well-tolerated by those with sensitive skin.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Disodium Diglyceryl Phosphate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Disodium Edta

Short for disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Used as a chelating agent in cosmetic products, meaning it prevents ingredients in a formula from binding with trace elements (mainly minerals) that can be present in water. Studies have found that EDTAs, including disodium EDTA, as used in cosmetic formulations are safe.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Disodium Glyceryl Phosphate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Disodium Lauraminopropionate

A mild surfactant.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Disodium Lauriminodipropionate Tocopheryl Phosphates

This blend is part natural, part synthetic and offers multiple functions, including working as a cleansing agent and mild preservative. Research indicates it may also help calm redness.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Disodium Rutinyl Disulfate

A water-soluble derivative of the bioflavinoid rutin. Research shows rutin has both antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Disteardimonium Hectorite

Used as a suspending agent, often with pigments.
Categories: Uncategorized

Average

Dmae

Categories: Skin-Restoring

Average

Dmdm Hydantoin

Synthetic, formaldehyde-releasing preservative that has mixed research on its potential to aggravate skin. Despite its connection to formaldehyde, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Board has confirmed the safety of this preservative in three separate reviews, each spaced several years apart.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Docosahexaenoic Acid

Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Dog Rose

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Dogwood

There is a small amount of research showing that dogwood has antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Dromiceius Oil

Categories: Emollients

Good

Dulse

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Dunaliella Salina Extract

A type of micro-algae that’s known for being adaptable and able to survive even in harsh natural conditions. It’s a rich source of beta-carotene, and conveys potent antioxidant benefits that can benefit skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Durian

A tropical fruit that contains high levels of antioxidants such as caffeic acid and quercetin
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Durvillaea Antarctica Extract

Extract derived from a species of algae (Durvillea antarctica).
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Ecamsule

Sunscreen ingredient that provides UVA protection. Technical name is terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Best

Echium Plantagineum Seed Oil

A novel, non-fragrant plant oil that's a rich source of saturated fatty acids and phospholipids for skin.
Categories: Emollients

Best

Eclipta Prostrata Extract

An annual plant common to Korea, Eclipta prostrata has potent antioxidant and skin-calming properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Ectoin

Ectoin is a synthetic ingredient that serves as an emollient on skin and can also have a buffering effect in cosmetic formulas.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Edta

EDTA is short for ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, a stabilizer used in cosmetics to prevent ingredients in a given formula from binding with trace elements (particularly minerals) that can be present in water.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Egg Yolk

Egg yolk is mostly water and lipids (fats), especially cholesterol, which makes it a good emollient and replenishing ingredient for skin.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Eicosapentaenoic Acid

Fatty acid derived from salmon oil; it is a good emollient and replenishing ingredient for skin.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Best

Elaeis Guineensis Oil

A soothing source of antioxidants, including vitamin E. As an oil, it also has emollient properties for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Elderberry

Also known as black elderberry or Sambucus nigra, this plant has potent antioxidant properties due to the flavonoid compounds naturally present. Elderberry also has skin-soothing effects.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Elecampane

Latin name Inula helenium; it is a plant that can be very sensitizing to skin. In cosmetics, this ingredient is most often added for its fragrance. Thisplant can cause allergic reactions for those allergic to plants in the ragweed family.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Ellagic Acid

Potent antioxidant compound found in pomegranate and most berries.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Emblica Officinalis (Gooseberry) Fruit Extract

Also known as amla, the fruit extract from gooseberry is among the richest plant sources of antioxidants.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Emollient

Supple, waxlike, lubricating, thickening agent that prevents water loss and has a softening and soothing effect on skin. Examples of emollients are ingredients like plant oils, mineral oil, shea butter, cocoa butter, petrolatum, and fatty acids (animal oils, including emu, mink, and lanolin, the latter probably the one ingredient that is most like our own skin’s oil). More technical-sounding emollient ingredients, such as triglycerides, benzoates, myristates, palmitates, and stearates, are generally waxy in texture and appearance but provide most moisturizers with their elegant texture and feel.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Emulsifier

In cosmetics, an emulsifier includes any ingredient that helps keep unlike ingredients (such as oil and water) from separating in an emulsion. Examples of cosmetics ingredients that function as emulsifiers include polysorbates, laureth-4, and potassium cetyl sulfate.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Emu Oil

The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is a large, flightless bird indigenous to Australia. The oil contains several fatty acids, including myristic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Emu oil has become an important component of the Australian economy. As a result there is research from that part of the world showing it to be a good emollient that can help restore skin. But along with the evidence that emu oil is a good emollient and the parade of companies promoting it for that, there are also companies promoting products containing emu oil for its antiaging properties.
Categories: Emollients

Poor

English Ivy Extract

Plant extract that can be a skin sensitizer due to its stimulant and astringent (skin-constricting) properties.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Ensulizole

Ensulizole is a water soluble sunscreen ingredient that works in the UVB range, offering no UVA protection.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Enteromorpha Compressa Extract

Extract from green algae.
Categories: Antioxidants, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Plant Extracts

Poor

Environmental Damage

Occurrence that takes place at an atomic level and is a complex physiological process. Molecules are comprised of atoms. Atoms comprise all matter. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons occur in pairs, and when an element only has a few paired electrons it can easily become unstable.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Enzymes

Vast group of proteins, produced by all living things, that act alone or with other ingredients as catalysts in chemical and biological reactions. Enzymes are divided into six main categories: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. The names of most, but not all, enzymes end in –ase.
Categories: Exfoliant, Skin-Restoring

Best

Epigallocatechin Gallate

One of the active constituents of green tea believed to be responsible for its many health and appearance benefits, both orally and topically. The chief benefit of epigallocatechin-3-gallate is skin-soothing and antioxidant.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Epilobium Angustifolium Extract

Extract derived from a plant commonly known as fireweed or willow herb. It is known to have soothing and antioxidant effects on skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing

Best

Epilobium Fleischeri (Willowherb) Extract

Epilobium fleischeri, also known as Alpine willowherb, is a plant extract has documented skin-calming and antioxidant benefits
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Average

Equisetum Arvense

Also known as Horsetail Extract, it is a plant extract that has antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Ergocalciferol

Technical name for vitamin D.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Ergothioneine

A substance derived from animals or various types of mushrooms that has potent antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Eriobotrya Japonica

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Erythrulose

Substance chemically similar to the self-tanning agent dihydroxyacetone. Depending on your skin color, there can be a difference in the color with erythrulose. Erythrulose needs about two to three days for the skin to show a color change, while dihydroxyacetone completely changes the color of skin within two to six hours. For this reason, most products that contain erythrulose also contain dihydroxyacetone.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Esculin

Component of horse chestnut, it is considered a sensitizing and is not recommended for skin, but can have benefits when consmed orally.
Categories: Sensitizing

Poor

Essential Oil

Categories: Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Ester

A compound formed from the reaction between an alcohol and an acid via the elimination of water. Triesters (groups of three esters) form the backbone of many fats, waxes, and oils that have emollient and skin-conditioning properties. Almost all of the esters used in cosmetic products are non-sensitizing and in most cases are quite beneficial for dry skin.
Categories: Emollients

Best

Ester-C

Trade name for a combination form of vitamin C that contains mainly calcium ascorbate, but in addition contains small amounts of the vitamin C metabolites dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized ascorbic acid), calcium threonate, and trace levels of xylonate and lyxonate.
Categories: Vitamins

Poor

Ethanol

Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Ethoxydiglycol

Helps key ingredients absorb more effectively and can also improve formulary texture + spreadability.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Ethyl Alcohol

Categories: Sensitizing

Average

Ethyl Hexanediol

A synthetic, viscous alcohol that functions as a solvent and can also be a fragrance ingredient. Considered safe for use in cosmetics in concentrations up to 5%. Ethyl hexanediol is most commonly used in haircare products and cleansers. Interestingly, higher amounts of this ingredients are sometimes used as an insect repellant.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Ethylhexylglycerin

Skin-softening agent with hydration boosting properties. Also plays an important preservative role to help keep cosmetic formulas stable.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Preservatives

Best

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Best

Ethylhexyl Olivate

A natural ester of skin-conditioning fatty acids derived from olive oil. It can have an occlusive effect on skin.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Good

Ethylhexyl Palmitate

A skin softening and smoothing ingredient that can help reduce moisture loss from skin’s upper layers, it also serves as a silicone alternative in skin care products.
Categories: Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Ethylhexyl Stearate

Commonly used as an emollient to deliver skin-softening properties and a smooth afterfeel.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Ethyl Macadamiate

Mixture of fatty acids from macadamia nut oil.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Ethylparaben

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben, isobutylparaben, propylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben. All of these were at one time the most widely used group of preservatives used in cosmetics.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Ethyl Vanillin

Flavoring agent derived from vanilla. It has antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants

Poor

Eucalyptus Extract

Extract that may have a variety of benefical properties on the skin. Despite those benefits, it's also a skin sensitizer, particularly on abraded skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Eucalyptus Oil

Fragrant plant oil whose active constituents are found in the leaves and in the oil obtained from them. The oil has benefits for skin, but is also a potent skin sensitizer due to its chemical components.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Eugenia Aromatica

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Eugenia Caryophyllus

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Eugenol

Volatile fragrance chemical that occurs naturally in cloves, basil, and bay leaves, among other plants. Eugenol is often part of the fragrance in cosmetics products, and is known to cause sensitivity. It is best to avoid leave-on products that contain eugenol.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Euphorbia Cerifera Wax

A type of wax derived from candelilla plants, often used in lip care products for barrier protection and emollience. Also contributes to the product's solid consistency.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Texture Enhancer, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Average

Euphrasia Officinalis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Euterpe Oleracea (Acai) Sterols

Euterpe oleracea (acai) sterols are the sterol portion derived from the acai plant.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Soothing, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Evening Primrose Oil

Can have significant soothing and emollient benefits for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Evodia Rutaecarpa Extract

A species of Asian tree whose fragrant fruit functions as a good skin-soothing agent in traditional Chinese medicine, an assertion which has been proven via topical application to human skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Ext. D&C

Type of coloring agent. According to the FDA's website (www.fda.gov), when Ext. D&C is followed by a color, it means that the color is certified as safe for use only in drugs and cosmetics meant for external use, but not around the eyes or mouth. These types of coloring agents is not safe for foods.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Average

Eyebright

A plant; although the name sounds like it would be beneficial for the eye area, there are no studies demonstrating it has any benefit for the skin around the eye area. Health benefits of eyebright are largely anecdotal, though it's possible this plant's tannin content could aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Faex

A type of yeast.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Farnesol

Extract of plants that is used in cosmetics primarily for fragrance. It may have some antioxidant properties, but there is no research showing it has any benefit on skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Plant Extracts

Average

Farnesyl Acetate

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Fatty Acid

Substance typically found in plant and animal lipids (fat). Fatty acids include compounds such as glycerides, sterols, and phospholipids. They are used in cosmetics as emollients, texture enhancers, and, when mixed with glycerin, cleansing agents.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Texture Enhancer, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Fatty Alcohol

Made from fatty acids; fatty alcohols are used in cosmetics as thickening agents and emollients. They are not the drying or sensitizing forms of alcohol.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Fd&C

Type of coloring agent. According to the FDA, when FD&C is followed by a color, the color is certified as safe for use in food, drugs, and cosmetics.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Fd&C Colors

General term for any color additive deemed safe and FDA-approved for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. When an FD&C color is followed by the word “lake,” it means the color has been mixed with a mineral (most commonly calcium or aluminum) to make the color insoluble (not affected by water).
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Poor

Fennel Oil

Volatile, fragrant oil that can cause skin sensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Fennel Seed Extract

Can have antioxidant properties, but on skin it can be a skin sensitizer and photosensitizer (Source: www.naturaldatabase.com).
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Ferric Ammonium Ferrocyanide

Inorganic salt of ferric ferrocyanide.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Ferric Ferrocyanide

Coloring agent, also known as Iron Blue, used in cosmetics products, including those designed for use around the eye. Permanently listed (since 1978) by the FDA as safe.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Poor

Ferula Galbaniflua

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Ferulic Acid

Superstar antioxidant that defends skin from environmental assault + sun damage, while also helping stabilize other antioxidants in a formula. Also helps contribute to more even tone.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Feverfew Extract

Extract that can be very soothing to skin but also potentially sensitizing if a specific constituent of the feverfew plant known as parthenolide (technically, sesquiterpene lactone) is present. If the parthenolide is removed from feverfew, the ingredient is not a problem for skin and may actually be beneficial because parthenolide-free feverfew has potent skin-soothing properties and can help to diminish redness.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Good

Fibronectin

Type of protein known as a glycoprotein (protein + carbohydrate) that's naturally found in the skin. Fibronectin’s deterioration from external factors is an element in skin aging and wrinkling. As is true for all proteins, regardless of their origin, it's a good water-binding agent for skin. However, applying it topically doesn’t help the fibronectin in your skin.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract

Fig is a rich source of a class of antioxidants known as phenolic compounds.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Fig

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Filipendula Glaberrima

Also known as Nakai, the root of this plant extract has been shown to be an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Filipendula Rubra

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Film-Forming Agent

Large group of ingredients typically found in haircare products, but that also are widely used in skincare products, particularly moisturizers. Film-forming agents include PVP, acrylates, acrylamides, methacrylates, and various copolymers. When applied they leave a pliable, cohesive, and continuous covering over the hair or skin. The film has water-binding properties and leaves a smooth feel on skin. Film-forming agents can be weak skin sensitizers, but this almost always depends on the amount used; lower amounts generally are not problematic.
Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Best

Fireweed Extract

Extract from the Epilobium angustifolium plant; also known as willow herb.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Fir Needle Oil

Volatile, fragrant oil that can cause skin sensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Average

Fish Cartilage Extract

May have water-binding properties, but there is no research showing that this has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Flavonoid

Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Flavor

Any ingredient or combination of ingredients, natural or synthetic, added to a cosmetic to improve its taste, usually by masking the undesirable taste of another ingredient. In the EU, flavor is indicated as “aroma”.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Flax

Plant source of linen and edible seeds. Flax seeds and seed oil have antioxidant properties. The seeds are also a source of essential fatty acid linolenic acid.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Flaxseed Oil

From seeds of the flax plant; a source of fatty acids, particularly omega-3.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Floralozone

One of a number of synthetic fragrant components.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Foeniculum Vulgare Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Folic Acid

Part of the B-vitamin complex; when taken orally, it is a good antioxidant. That benefit has not been demonstrated when it is applied topically on skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Average

Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservative

Common type of preservative found in cosmetics. Despite some claims, there is no higher level of skin reaction to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives than to other preservatives. In fact, there is a far greater risk to skin from a product without preservatives, because of the contamination and unchecked growth of mold that can result if no preservatives are used.
Categories: Preservatives

Best

Fragaria Vesca (Strawberry) Fruit Extract

Strawberry’s red color comes from its high amount of antioxidant compounds known as anthocyanins.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Fragrance

One or a blend of volatile and/or fragrant plant oils (or synthetically derived oils) that impart aroma and odor to products. These are often skin sensitizers because they are composed of hundreds of individual chemical components. Fragrance is a leading source of sensitivity to cosmetics.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Frankincense Extract

Fragrant component used in skincare products; it can be a skin sensitizer, but is not considered a potent one. There is no research showing frankincense has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Fructose

A natural sugar that occurs in many fruits as well as in honey. Acts as a flavoring agent and humectant in cosmetics and is also a prebiotic.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Average

Fruit Acid

Categories: Miscellaneous, Plant Extracts

Best

Fucus Vesiculosus Extract

Fucus vesiculosus extract, also known as bladderwrack, is a type of brown algae (seaweed) that is edible.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Skin-Soothing, Hydration

Best

Fu Ling

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Fuller'S Earth

Mineral substance that is similar to kaolin (a clay). Composed mainly of alumina, silica, iron oxides, lime, magnesia, and water, it is used as an absorbent and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Absorbent

Good

Galactoarabinan

Polysaccharide extracted from the western larch tree.
Categories: Antioxidants, Hydration, Plant Extracts

Poor

Galbanum

Fragrant substance that, because of its resin and volatile oil content containing monoterpenes can be extremely sensitizing on abraded skin.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Gamma Linolenic Acid (Gla)

Fatty acid used in cosmetics as an emollient and antioxidant. GLA is considered a skin-soothing agent. It's found in black currant oil or seeds, evening primrose oil, and borage oil.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Skin-Restoring

Best

Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Extract

Ganoderma lucidum is a species of mushroom also known as Reishi mushroom that, when applied to skin, can visibly reduce some types of discoloration.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Garcinia Mangostana (Mangosteen) Peel Extract

Mangosteen is a fruit with a sweet and sour flavor and is native to several Asian countries.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Gardenia Florida Extract

Flower extract used in cosmetics to impart fragrance; also functions as an antioxidant. There is limited research proving its benefit for skin, and its fragrance component may be sensitizing, thus canceling out the antioxidant benefit.
Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Gelatin

Protein obtained from plants or animals and used in cosmetics as a thickening agent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Gellan Gum

A plant-derived, high-weight, polysaccharide texture enhancer that also helps keep cosmetic formulas stable during storage and usage. It is produced via fermentation and then purified for use in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Gellidiela Acerosa Extract

Extract derived from a type of algae.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Genistein

Plant component (most often derived from soy) that is a rich source of antioxidants, although it can also be synthetically derived. Research has shown that topical application of genistein has several benefits for skin, including antioxidant and skin-soothing.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Gentiana Lutea (Gentian) Root Extract

Part of the gentian plant, constituents of which have skin-soothing and antioxidant benefits.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Geraniol

A volatile fragrance ingredient extracted from geranium, geraniol is capable of causing sensitivity when applied to skin.
Categories: Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Geranium Extract

Extract that can have potent antioxidant properties. The oil form of geranium is fragrant and can be a source of sensitivity.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Geranium Oil

Geranium extract is a very good antioxidant for skin, and the parts extracted are usually not fragrant, thus presenting minimal risk of sensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Geranium Pretense

Geranium plant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Germaben Ii

Trade name for diazolidinyl urea.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Ginger Extract

Extract from a plant in the Zingiberacae family that has research showing it has soothing and potent antioxidant activity when taken orally and when applied to skin. Ginger extract is generally considered non-volatile, meaning it doesn’t pose a risk of sensitizing skin. In contrast, the oil form of ginger maintains the volatile components (ginger oil contains over 50 such components) that have the potential to aggravate skin with topical use.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Ginger Oil

Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Best

Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract

Potent antioxidant and soothing ingredient derived from the Ginkgo plant. It also has anti-aging properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Ginseng

Ginseng is a popular herbal supplement. When applied topically it delivers antioxidant benefits, boosts hydration, and helps visibly improve signs of skin aging.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Gla

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Skin-Restoring

Best

Glabridin

Main ingredient in licorice extract. It has skin-soothing, antioxidant, and other beneficial properties for skin. There is research showing it to be effective in skin brightening as well.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Glucomannan

Glucomannan is prebiotic sugar that combines the simples sugars mannose with glucose.
Categories: Hydration

Best

Gluconolactone

Categories: Exfoliant

Best

Glucosamine Hcl

A form of glucosamine, an amino sugar that can be considered a skin-replenishing and soothing ingredient.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Glucose

A natural sugar that’s often obtained for cosmetics via the breakdown of various natural starches, which are also carbohydrates. Helps bind moisture to skin, adds flavor to lip products, and is part of many saccharides that work as prebiotics.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Glucose Oxidase

A synthetic enzyme that’s chemically classified as a protein, this sugar-based ingredient works to condition both skin and hair.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Glucosylceramides

Glucosylceramides are responsible for the healthy formation and appearance of skin’s upper layers.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Glucosyl Hesperidin

A water-soluble form of hesperidin, a flavonoid found in many citrus plants, as well as evening primrose oil. It has potential as an antioxidant. There are also studies showing it has skin-soothing benefits.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Glutamic Acid

Glutamic acid is an amino acid that helps aid skin hydration.
Categories: Hydration

Best

Glutamine

The most abudant amino acid in the body, glutamine can help improve the healthy, youthful look and feel of skin.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Glutathione

Powerful, non-enzymatic antioxidant which naturally occurs in the skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Restoring

Good

Gluten Ingredients

Gluten is a protein that occurs naturally in many types of grains, including wheat, rye, and barley.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Glycereth-26

Functions as a skin-conditioning agent to provide a soft, smooth feel.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glycereth-26 Phosphate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glycereth-6 Laurate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Glycerin

A naturally occurring substance in skin that helps retain moisture. It is used in skin care products to help defend against dryness.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Restoring

Best

Glycerine

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Glycerol

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Glycerol Monostearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glycerol Triacetate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glycerol Trioleate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Glyceryl Ascorbate

A moisturizing, stabilized form of vitamin C that provides skin-smoothing anti-aging benefits.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Glyceryl Behanate

Simple mixture of glycerin and the naturally occurring fatty acid behenic acid. Glyceryl behenate has multiple functions in cosmetics products, including as an emollient, emulsifier, and surfactant.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Best

Glyceryl Behenate

An ester emollient of fatty acid behenic acid that aids the integration of key ingredients into skin’s surface while helping to impart a smooth, soft feel. It can also function as an emulsifier.
Categories: Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Glyceryl Behenate/Eicosadioate

A mixture of esters of glycerin, along with behenic and eicosadioic acids, its works as a thickener and stabilizing agent in makeup and skincare products.
Categories: Thickeners

Good

Glyceryl Cocoate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Dibehanate

A complex mixture of glycerin and the naturally-occurring fatty acid behenic acid. Glyceryl dibehenate is a skin-conditioning agent and emollient.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Dipalmitate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Distearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Ester

Large group of ingredients that are composed of fats and oils. At room temperature, the fats are usually solid and the oils are generally liquid. Some tropical oils are liquids in their sites of origin and become solids in cooler or different applications. These multitudinous fats and oils are used in cosmetics as emollients and lubricants as well as water-binding and thickening agents.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Isopalmitate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Isostearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Myristate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Oleate

Mixture of portions of glycerin and oleic acid that can serve as an emollient, surfactant, emulsifier, and absorption enhancer within skin care formulas.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Good

Glyceryl Palmitate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Polymethacrylate

A blend of glycerin and polymethacrylic acid whose smooth finish is used to enhance the texture and application of skin care products.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Texture Enhancer

Good

Glyceryl Rosinate

An ester of long chain acids derived from a plant-based ingredient known as rosin.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Good

Glyceryl Stearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Stearate Citrate

Glyceryl stearate citrate is an ester of citric acid and glyceryl stearate.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Glyceryl Stearate Se

Emulsifies water and oil; can also be used as a thickener. Derivative of glyceryl stearate that is a self-emulsifying (that’s what the “SE” stands for).
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Glycine

An amino acid which works to improve visible signs of aging, improve moisture retention and promote skin repair and regeneration. Glycine is also used as a buffering agent. Glycine is thought to help support healthy collagen production and stimulation.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil

Glycine soja (soybean) oil is a non-fragrant plant oil with multiple uses for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Antioxidants

Best

Glycine Soja Seed Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Glycine Soja Sterols

Sterol derived from the Glycine soja (soy) plant. A sterol is a solid complex alcohol derived from animals and plants. Despite the alcohol origin, sterols are not drying on skin; rather, they serve to lubricate and have an emollient texture.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Glycogen

Polysaccharide that has water-binding properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Hydration

Best

Glycolic Acid

A type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that, like other ingredients in the category, can act as a water-binding agent and, when properly formulated, as an exfoliant. In its capacity as an exfoliant, it can help shed dead skin to renew skin’s surface, visibly softening the signs of aging, particularly from sun damage. Glycolic acid is one of the most effective and well-researched forms of AHA.
Categories: Exfoliant

Best

Glycolipid

Type of lipid composed of sugar (monosaccharide) and fat (lipid).
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Glycol Stearate

A mixture of glycerin and stearic acid used as an emollient, surfactant, and emulsifier. May also be used to impart a pearlescent appearance to a formula.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Glycoproteins

Glycoproteins are a type of peptide naturally present in skin's surface that works with other ingredients to reinforce skin's barrier strength.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Hydration

Best

Glycosaminoglycans

Also known as mucopolysaccharides, these are a fundamental component of skin tissue, essentially a group of complex proteins. Chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid are part of this ingredient group, all of which function as skin-replenishing and restoring ingredients.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Restoring

Best

Glycosphingolipid

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Glycyrrhetic Acid

One of the active, skin-soothing components of licorice extract.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Glycyrrhetinic Acid

One of the components of licorice root extract that’s believed to give this plant its ability to help calm skin and minimize signs of sensitization. This component of licorice root also functions as an antioxidant and may play a role in brightening and improving the look of an uneven skin tone.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Soothing

Best

Glycyrrhiza Glabra

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Root Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Goji Fruit Extract

This bright, warm red berry, native to Asia, is a very good source of antioxidant compounds.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Gold

Common sensitizer that can induce negative responses on skin, especially on the face and eyelids. Claims of gold helping to create electric charges in skin to trigger improvement in signs of aging are completely unproven.
Categories: Sensitizing, Miscellaneous

Good

Gossypium Herbacuem Seed Oil

Also known as cotton seed oil, this non-fragrant plant oil functions as an occlusive agent.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Gotu Kola

most known as Centella Asiatica is a perennial herb that grows primarily in Asia. Centella Asiatica first gained popularity in South Korea, where it’s the star ingredient in moisturizers known as “cica creams.” “Cica” is a shortening of the term Centella Asiatica, and these creams are well known for their soothing, anti-inflammatory properties. It is a multitasking ingredient thanks to its active compounds, including madecassoside. Centella Asiatica itself also has been shown to have potent antioxidant properties and to be a rich source of amino acids, and there’s additional research showing that it’s a good hydrating ingredient to soothe upset or compromised skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Grapefruit Oil

Citrus oil whose volatile components (chiefly substances known as furocoumarins) are sensitizing to skin. Topical application of grapefruit oil may cause sensitizing reactions from its chief fragrance chemical, limonene.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Grapefruit Peel Extract

Typically listed as Citrus grandis (grapefruit) peel extract on ingredient lists, the peel from this fruit is loaded with a class of ingredients known as furanocoumarins and coumarins, which are primarily responsible for what’s known as a phototoxic reaction that occurs when skin is exposed to the sun. Low amounts of this ingredients aren’t likely to be problematic, but watch out if it’s listed toward the beginning to middle of an ingredient list, especially if the product in question has a telltale grapefruit scent.
Categories: Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Grapefruit Seed Extract

Labelled as Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) seed extract, this is often claimed as a natural preservative when added to cosmetics. However, research has demonstrated that it is not an ideal preservative agent, as it cannot protect against both the most common forms of growth—even in sealed, pump-style packaging. [1,2,3] Yes, citrus extracts can have preservative-like benefits, but they're simply not strong enough to defend against from a broad range of substances necessary to properly preserve a skincare product.
Categories: Uncategorized

Best

Grape Seed Extract

Contains chemical constituents such as proanthocyanidins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, all of which are very potent antioxidants that help to diminish environmental damage.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Grape Seed Oil

Emollient, non-fragrant plant oil derived from the seeds of grapes. This plant oil has strong antioxidant properties and its low saturation gives it a thinner texture and less greasy feel compared to highly saturated oils such as coconut.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Green Tea

HYDRATE: they work to improve moisture retention, visible signs of aging and promote skin repair and regeneration.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Gromwell

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Guarana

Herb that contains two and a half times more caffeine than coffee. It can have constricting properties on skin and can therefore be a potential skin sensitizer. May also be listed as Paullinia cupana extract.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Guar Gum

Plant-derived thickening agent often used in products that are attempting to be (or are) mostly natural.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride

Functions as a synthetic conditioning agent for skin and hair and can play a role in depositing active ingredients.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Miscellaneous

Best

Guava

Guava extract is a rich source of bioactive antioxidants including gallic acid, quercetin, and tocopherol.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Gums

Substances that have hydraitng properties, but that are used primarily as texture enhancers in cosmetics. Some gums have a sticky feel and are used as film-forming agents in hairsprays, while others can have sensitizing potential. Natural thickeners such as acacia, tragacanth, guar, and locust bean are the main types of gums used in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Texture Enhancer

Best

Haematococcus Pluvialis Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

AVERAGE

Hamamelis Virginiana

Plant extract that has potent antioxidant properties and astringent properties. If you are trying this ingredient for the first time, start gradually.
Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Hamamelitannin

Tannin that is found in witch hazel. It can be a skin sensitizer but it also has potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing

Good

Haslea Ostrearia Extract

Extract derived from a water plant also known as blue algae.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Texture Enhancer, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Plant Extracts

Poor

Hayflower Extract

Plant extract that, due to its constricting effect on skin, can be skin aggravating. There is no research supporting the claim that it has any effect on skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Hazelnut Oil

Oil extracted from the hazelnut and that is used as an emollient.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Hectorite

A type of clay used in cosmetics that enhances texture by imparting a smooth, silky feel.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Poor

Hedera Helix

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Hedione

Synthetic fragrant component in products, which also can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil

Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil is a non-volatile, non-fragrant plant oil used as an emollient in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Antioxidants

Best

Helianthus Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Hemp Seed Oil

From the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Hesperidin

Flavonoid found in various plants such as citrus and evening primrose oil. It has potential as an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone

ynthetic antioxidant that helps protect skin from UV damage. Research also shows it possess soothing and anti-redness properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Hexanoyl Dipeptide-3 Norleucine Acetate

Hexanoyl dipeptide-3 norleucine acetate is a synthetic peptide that helps skin’s surface shed properly and speeds up surface renewal for fresher-looking skin.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Poor

Hexyl Cinnamal

Fragrance ingredient used in many perfumes and often seen in fragranced skincare products. Hexyl cinnamal imparts a jasmine-like scent. It’s considered a skin sensitizer, which is why it must be called out on an ingredient statement, whereas in the past a cosmetics company could lump ingredients like hexyl cinnamal into the catchall term fragrance.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Hexyldecanol

A synthetic, non-drying fatty alcohol used as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Good

Hexylene Glycol

Categories: Slip Agents

Good

Hexyl Laurate

Skin-softening agent and emollient that is a mixture of hexyl alcohol and lauric acid.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Average

Hexylresorcinol

Hexylresorcinol is a synthetic ingredient that has been shown to have skin-brightening ability but there is very limited research about it on skin. It is mostly an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Hibiscus

Fragrant plant
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Restoring, Plant Extracts

Good

Himanthalia Elongate Extract

Extract of a species of algae.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Hippophae Rhamnoides

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Hippophae Rhamnoides (Seaberry) Fruit Extract

Also known as sea buckthorn, seaberry is a good source of vitamin C as well as various B vitamins, vitamin E.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Histidine

A semi-essential amino acid rich in antioxidant properties. This ingredient can provide protection to the skin from damage caused by free radicals.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Hoelen

A mushroom that grows underground on the roots of pines and other trees around the world. It has preservative, soothing, and water-binding properties when applied topically
Categories: Plant Extracts, Preservatives

Best

Homosalate

Homosalate is an FDA-approved sunscreen active ingredient that provides primarily UVB protection. Its UVA range is very narrow, and so it is not used alone in sunscreens. Homosalate is internationally approved for use in sunscreens, up to a maximum concentration of 15%. It’s considered non-sensitizing, and is most often seen in sunscreens rated SPF 30 and greater.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Best

Honey

Honey is a substance produced by bees from the nectar of flowering plants.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Vitamins, Antioxidants

Best

Honey Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Honeysuckle Flower Extract

Plant extract that functions as an skin-soothing agent. It is a very good source of flavonoids and saponins, constituents that occur in many plants and convey antioxidant benefit.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Average

Hops

There is no research showing that hops have any benefit for skin. However, components in hops may have antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Hordeum Vulgare Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Horse Chestnut Extract

May have skin-soothing properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Horse Elder

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Horseradish

Plant that can sensitize skin and should never be applied to abraded skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Average

Horsetail Extract

Also listed by its Latin name Equisetum arvense, is a plant extract that has antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Hortonia Floribunda Leaf Extract

No research shows this plant as having any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Huang Qi

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Humulus Lupulus Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Hyaluronic Acid

Component of skin tissue. Synthetic variations are used in skincare products to function as a superior skin-replenishing ingredient. Hyaluronic acid has restorative abilities and can boost skin’s moisture content, soothe, and defend against moisture loss. It is capable of holding up to 1,000 times its own weight in water, making it an optimal hydrator for all skin types.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Restoring

Poor

Hydnocarpus Anthelmintica

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Hydrastis Canadenis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Hydrocotyl Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Hydrogenated Castor Oil/Sebacic Acid Copolymer

Synthetic and plant-derived ingredient that works as a skin-smoothing emollient and also helps the hair’s cuticle layer flatten so it feels healthier and reflects light better.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Hydrogenated Coco-Glyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Hydrogenated Didecene

Skin-softening agent derived from didecene, which is a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Examples of common hydrocarbons include mineral oil, petroleum, and paraffin wax.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Best

Hydrogenated Lecithin

Categories: Skin-Restoring, Emollients

Best

Hydrogenated Olive Oil

A rich source of antioxidants; can help increase the viscosity and emolliency of a formula. Hydrogenating the oil changes it from its natural liquid state into a solid.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides

Palm glycerides are the fatty acid component of palm oil. Hydrogenation allows the oily liquid to remain in a solid state at room temperature.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Good

Hydrogenated Polydecene

Synthetic emollient and skin-softening agent. In certain formulations it lends a non-occlusive film for added skin barrier protection.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene

Synthetic emollient with research backing its ability to provide long-lasting moisture retention. It acts as a lubricant on skin’s surface, providing a soft, smooth feel.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Best

Hydrogenated Rapeseed Oil

Hydrogenated rapeseed oil works as an emollient, thickening agent, and occlusive.
Categories: Emollients, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Hydrogenated Soybean Oil

Non-fragrant plant oil from soy that has been hydrogenated so it retains a semi-solid rather than liquid state.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients

Good

Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate

Offers multifunctional properties, mainly acting as humectant (hydrator) and film-forming agent for added barrier protection. May be plant-derived or synthetic.
Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Hydration

Good

Hydrogenated Vegetable Glycerides Citrate

A hydrogenated blend of vegetable glycerides that functions chiefly as an emollient and texture enhancer in cosmetics.
Categories: Emollients, Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Hydrogen Peroxide

There is a great deal of current research showing that hydrogen peroxide is problematic as a topically applied product. Hydrogen peroxide is also a strong oxidizing agent.
Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Hydrolyzed Acacia Macrostachya Seed Extract

The extract from the seed of the Acacia macrostachya plant, a tropical shrub.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Hydrolyzed Algae Extract

The hydrolyzed form of algae extract, and a rich source of polysaccharides for skin.
Categories: Emollients, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Good

Hydrolyzed Corn Starch

A natural absorbent derived from corn starch. It helps enhance the soft afterfeel of a skin care product.
Categories: Absorbent

Best

Hydrolyzed Eruca Sativa (Arugula) Leaf

When applied to skin, arugula is a good source of antioxidants and minerals to help defend skin from environmental damage.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans

A skin-replenishing ingredient that has been hydrolyzed, which is a chemical process involving the reaction of a substance with water to form a modified substance. Functions as a skin-softening agent.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Softening

Best

Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters

Essential fatty acids from the jojoba plant, broken down by water to form a new complex. They serve as skin-softening and stabilizing ingredients in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Skin-Softening

Good

Hydrolyzed Jojoba Protein

Protein fraction of seeds from the jojoba plant that has been hydrolyzed, which is a chemical process involving the reaction of a substance with water to form a modified substance.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Hydrolyzed Pumpkin Seedcake

Hydrolyzed pumpkin seedcake is a plant-derived ingredient that protects skin from moisture loss to support firmness.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Hydration

Best

Hydrolyzed Rhodophycea (Red Algae) Extract

Hydrolyzed rhodophycea is a type of red algae that, like most other types used in skin care products, helps improve skin’s hydration.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Hydration

Good

Hydrolyzed Silk

An animal-derived byproduct made by hydrolyzing the silk protein obtained from the spent cocoon of the silkworm. Helps to condition skin and hair, imparting a smooth feel.
Categories: Antioxidants, Slip Agents

Best

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein

The protein portion of vegetables obtained by hydrolysis, which is the breakdown of a substance when it’s reacted with water. This natural ingredient conditions skin and hair.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Hydration

Good

Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein

Versatile ingredient that can function as a film-forming agent, hydrator, and conditioning agent for skin or hair.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Texture Enhancer

Good

Hydroxyacetophenone

Hydroxyacetophenone is a synthetic antioxidant and skin-conditioning ingredient.
Categories: Antioxidants, Hydration

Good

Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyl Dimethyl Taurate Copolymer

A polymer that functions as a stabilizer, thickening agent, and opacifying agent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Hydroxyethylcellulose

A plant-derived thickening agent typically used as a binding agent or emulsifier.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Texture Enhancer, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Average

Hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane Sulfonic Acid

Also known by the acronym HEPES, hydroxyethylpiperazine ethane sulfonic acid is a buffering ingredient typically used to establish a neutral pH in water-based solutions. There’s research indicating it can generate free radical damage in the presence of oxygen, which means it could be a problem when used in skincare products. Even though research on how this directly impacts skin hasn’t been done, it’s an ingredient we advise avoiding in cosmetic products. There are definitely other buffering agents that are less problematic and have had safe concentration protocols established.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Hydroxyethyl Urea

A synthetic ingredient that serves to hydrate skin and help maintain a normal moisture balance in skin’s uppermost layers.
Categories: Hydration, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Hydroxylated Lecithin

Categories: Emollients

Good

Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin

A plant- derived or synthetic carbohydrate that functions as a chelating agent and stabilizer. It is considered safe for use in cosmetics and has also been deemed safe for oral consumption (where its application, of course, differs from that of cosmetics).
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Hydroxypropyl Guar

Hydroxypropyl guar is a plant-derived ingredient that serves as a thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Hydroxypropyl Starch Phosphate

A lightweight, plant-based or synthetic starch ingredient that functions as a texture enhancer in cosmetics. It belongs to the chemical class carbohydrates and is used in all types of personal care products, including conditioners, facial care, body washes, sunscreens, and hairstyling products. This ingredient is also used to stabilize cosmetic products and may be listed as distarch phosphate or hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Hydroxystearic Acid

A gentle, plant-derived ingredient whose versatility lends itself to many types of cosmetics, including cleansers, sunscreens, hair care, and makeup.
Categories: Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Hypericum Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Best

Hyssop

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Idebenone

A synthetic antioxidant similar to coenzyme Q10. Research for idebenone has not compared its effects to many of the hundreds of other potent antioxidants that commonly appear in other skincare products, nor did it compare the effects of idebenone with the effects of a combination of antioxidants. Perhaps a cocktail of antioxidants would far surpass idebenone—we don’t know. Other published studies compared the red grape antioxidant compound reseveratrol and L-ergothioneine to idebenone and found both superior to idebenone
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Ilex Paraguariensis

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Poor

Illicium Vernum

Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Illite

Illite is a mineral-sourced natural thickener that is sometimes referred to as French green clay.
Categories: Thickeners, Absorbent

Average

Imidazolidinyl Urea

Preservative considered weaker than its “cousin” diazolidinyl urea. Most often used with parabens because they work well together. Imidazolidinyl urea is considered a formaldehyde-releasing preservative. Although that sounds scary, the amount of formaldehyde released is well below the limits for safe exposure.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Inactive Ingredient

The list of inactive ingredients is the part of an over-the-counter Drug Facts label required by regulatory agencies in the United States on such products as sunscreens and anti-acne products that contain benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid. Inactive ingredients must be listed alphabetically or can be listed in descending order of concentration. “Inactive” does not mean the ingredients don’t have any effect; rather, it simply means they do not have regulatory status as active ingredients. On OTC drug products, inactive ingredient labeling must follow regulatory guidelines set forth in the official International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Inositol

Major component of lecithin whose relation to glycerin means it may have water-binding properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Poor

Inula Helenium

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate

Synthetic preservative typically used in concentrations of 0.1% or less. It should always be used with other preservatives in water-based products.
Categories: Preservatives

Poor

Iris Florentina Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Irish Moss Extract

Type of red algae.
Categories: Antioxidants, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Plant Extracts, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Iron Oxides

Cosmetic pigments that originate from natural minerals and are considered both synthetic and mineral when refined. Used to tint sunscreens, create complexion-enhancing makeup shades, and help protect skin from visible light.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Average

Iron Powder

Iron powder is, as the name states, a powdered versoin of the mineral iron. A natural ingredient, it's used as an opacifying agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Absorbent

Good

Isoamyl Cocoate

A mix of non-irritating fatty alcohol isoamyl alcohol and coconut acid, this natural ingredient works as an emollient on skin.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Good

Isoamyl Laurate

The ester of isoamyl alcohol and lauric acid, this plant- or synthetic-based texture-enhancing ingredient feels velvety-soft.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Skin-Softening

Good

Isobutyl Acetate

Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Isobutylparaben

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben, isobutylparaben, propylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben. All of these were at one time the most widely used group of preservatives used in cosmetics. Parabens were so popular because of their gentle, non-sensitizing, and highly effective profile in comparison to other preservatives but also because they were derived naturally from plants, a rare phenomenon for a preservative. Parabens are found in plants in the form of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a chemical that breaks down to become parabens for a plants own protection.
Categories: Preservatives

Average

Isocetyl Salicylate

Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Isododecane

Synthetic hydrocarbon ingredient used as a solvent. Isododecane enhances the spreadability of products and has a weightless feel on skin. All hydrocarbons used in cosmetics help prevent the evaporation of water from skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Texture Enhancer

Best

Isoflavone

Plant-derived ingredient with potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Isohexadecane

A synthetic ingredient with a powder-like finish.Used as a cleansing agent and texture enhancer in cosmetics, particularly beneficial for those for oily skin.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents, Texture Enhancer

Good

Isoleucine

It is an anti-aging active ingredient. This amino acid promotes the skin's natural ability to regenerate, thus strengthening the skin barrier. Isoleucine also stimulates cell renewal in the deeper skin layers and provides more resilience and elasticity.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Isononyl Isononanoate

An ester that functions as a skin-conditioning agent. Occurs naturally in cocoa and lavender oil.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Isoparaffin

Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Isopropyl Alcohol

Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Isopropyl Isostearate

The ester of isopropyl alcohol and isostearic acid. It is used as a skin-softening agent and emollient in cosmetics products, retaining none of the sensitizing potential pure isopropyl alcohol has.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Isopropyl Lanolate

Derived from lanolin, it is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Isopropyl Myristate

Texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Isopropyl Palmitate

Texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics. It can potentially be problematic for those with oily skin, depending on the amount in the product and your skin’s response.
Categories: Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate

A synthetic or animal-derived ingredient used as a surface treatment for cosmetic pigments in products such as mascara. Also used to coat titanium dioxide nanoparticles to keep them evenly suspended and stable in sunscreen formulations.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearte/Triethoxycaprylylsilane Crosspolymer

A synthetic, silicone-enhanced polymer that occurs from combining isopropyl titanium triisostearate and triethoxycaprylylsilane. Its chief function as to enhance the texture and slip of cosmetic products.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Silicones, Texture Enhancer

Good

Isostearamide Dea

Used as a surfactant, water-binding agent, and thickening agent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Cleansing Agents

Good

Isostearic Acid

Fatty acid used as a binding agent and thickener.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Ivy Extract

Plant extract that can be sensitizing due to its astringent (skin-constricting) properties.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Japan Wax

Vegetable wax obtained from sumac berries, and used as a texture enhancer and emollient in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Jasmine Oil

Fragrant oil, often used as a source of perfume, whose volatile fragrance chemicals (chiefly linalool) can be skin sensitizers.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Jasminium Grandiflorum

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Jojoba Butter

The fattiest portion of jojoba oil, used as an intensive emollient.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Jojoba Esters

Jojoba esters are a mixture of esters from jojoba oil and hydrogenated jojoba oil that are used as emollients, occlusives, or as scrub particles in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Scrub Agents

Best

Jojoba Oil

Is an excellent emollient derived from the seeds of a perennial shrub. Jojoba oil has been shown to enhance skin’s restorative properties. A plant oil that’s a rich source of numerous fatty acids, jojoba oil can also provide topical skin-soothing benefits.It’s a brilliant ingredient for dry skin and dehydrated skin.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Best

Jojoba Wax

Semi-solid portion of jojoba oil.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Poor

Jonquil Extract

Fragrant plant extract that poses a strong risk of skin sensitization.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Ju Hua

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Jujube Fruit Extract

Asian plant extract that has skin-soothing action.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Juniper Berry

Plant (Latin name Juniperus communis) that can have skin-soothing properties for skin, although with repeated application (due to its methanol content) can result in skin sensitivity.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Juniperus Communis

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Good

Kaolin

Natural, highly absorbent clay that also helps to thicken cosmetics, modify product slip, add opacity, and prevent makeup and skin care formulas from caking. Also known as China clay.
Categories: Absorbent

Poor

Kathon Cg

Categories: Preservatives, Sensitizing

Poor

Kava-Kava Extract

Extract of the Piper methysticum plant that has skin-soothing properties, but can also cause skin sensitivity.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Kawa Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Kelp Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Average

Kigelia Africana Extract

Extract of African plant commonly known as the sausage tree. The research on this ingredient is limited, but it does appear to have skin-soothing and antioxidant properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Kiwi Fruit Extract

As a food, kiwi has significant antioxidant properties that may even be greater than those of.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Kojic Acid

By-product of the fermentation process of malting rice for use in the manufacture of sake (Japanese rice wine). In vitro and in vivo research and animal studies have shown that kojic acid is effective for brightening an uneven skin tone.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Kojic Dipalmitate

Mixture of kojic acid and palmitic acid that functions as a skin-softening agent and a fat-soluble antioxidant. Although it’s more stable than the similar-sounding kojic acid, there’s no research showing kojic dipalmitate is as effective as kojic acid.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Kola Nut

One of the major components of the kola nut is caffeine, which in high amounts can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Kudzu Root

Source of isoflavone, genistein, and daidzein. It can be a potent antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Kukui Nut Oil

Also known as candlenut or candleberry oil, this non-fragrant plant oil is found throughout India and Indonesia. Research has shown it has skin-soothing benefits.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Lactic Acid

Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) extracted from milk, although most forms used in cosmetics are synthetic because that form is easier to formulate with and stabilize.
Categories: Exfoliant

Best

Lactobacillus/Coconut Fruit Juice Ferment Filtrate

Lactobacillus/coconut fruit juice ferment filtrate is the filtered result of combining the skin-friendly lactobacillus bacteria with the milky liquid found inside coconuts.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Softening

Best

Lactobacillus/Rye Flour Ferment

Lactobacillus/rye flour ferment is a non-living probiotic made by fermenting rye flour with the microorganism Lactobacillus that’s used to create sourdough bread.
Categories: Hydration

Best

Lactobacillus Ferment

Lactobacillus ferment is a lab-created, non-living probiotic ingredient made by fermentation of the microorganism Lactobacillus.
Categories: Hydration

Good

Lactobionate

Polysaccharide that has water-binding properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Lactobionic Acid

Categories: Exfoliant

Best

Lactoperoxidase

Enzyme derived from milk that has unique properties to restore skin's surface flora as well as in the pore.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Lady'S Mantle Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Miscellaneous

Best

Lady'S Thistle (Milk Thistle) Extract

Also known as milk thistle, this extract has a great deal of research showing it has many applications, owing to the skin-soothing, restorative, and antioxidant effects of its main chemical seed constituent, silymarin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Skin-Restoring

Average

Lagerstroemia Indica Extract

No research shows this plant as having any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Laminaria Digitata

Categories: Antioxidants, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Good

Laminaria Longicruris

Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Laminaria Ochroleuca Extract

The Latin name for a species of kelp, also known as brown seaweed. Applied topically, it helps soothe and, like all forms of seaweed, has some amount of moisture-binding properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Laminaria Sacharrina

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Best

Lamium Album Flower Extract

A species of the nettle plant that is used topically as an skin-soothing owing to its saponin content. This plant also functions as an antioxidant.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Lanolin

Emollient, very thick substance derived from sheep. Lanolin has long been burdened with a reputation for being a sensitizing agent, which has always been a disappointment to formulators because lanolin is such an effective moisturizing ingredient.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Lanolin Alcohol

Emollient derived from lanolin.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Larrea Divaricata Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Larrea Tridentata

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

L-Ascorbic Acid

Form of vitamin C that is a potent antioxidant and skin-soothing agent and can improve the appearance of signs of aging and help brighten an uneven skin tone. L-ascorbic acid is often labelled as the INCI compliant “ascorbic acid” on ingredient lists, but there is no difference between the two—they refer to the same ingredient.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Vitamins, Antioxidants

Good

Lauramphocarboxyglycinate

Mild detergent cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Laurdimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Soy Protein

Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Laurdimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein

Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Laureth-23

Used either as a cleansing agent or texture enhancer (sometimes as both). Derived from lauryl alcohol (a non-sensitizing fatty alcohol).
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents, Texture Enhancer

Good

Laureth-4

Used either as a cleansing agent or texture enhancer (sometimes both). Derived from lauryl alcohol (a non-sensitizing fatty alcohol).
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Cleansing Agents

Good

Laureth-7

Form of lauryl alcohol (a non-sensitizing fatty alcohol derived from coconut oil) that can function as a cleansing agent and/or texture enhancer.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents

Good

Laureths

Substances that in various combinations create a wide range of mild cleansing agents.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Best

Lauric Acid

One of several fatty acids found in coconut oil and other natural fats.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Cleansing Agents

Good

Lauroyl Lysine

Amino acid derivative that functions as a skin-softening and hair-conditioning agent. It also contributes to a product’s texture by helping to gel the solvents, while also remaining stable under high heat conditions.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Laurus Nobilis

Categories: Antioxidants, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Plant Extracts

Good

Lauryl Alcohol

Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Lauryl Glucoside

A mild surfactant (cleansing agent) used in hair and skin care products.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Lauryl Lactate

Mixture of lauryl alcohol and lactic acid that functions as a skin-softening agent and emollient; also used to impart fragrance.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Lauryl Laurate

An ester of lauryl alcohol and lauric acid, lauryl laurate is an emollient ingredient that can help bioactive ingredients better integrate with skin’s surface. It is considered safe as used in cosmetics.
Categories: Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Lauryl Peg-9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone

A silicone polymer that has multiple functions in cosmetic products, including skin and hair softening and as a texture enhancer.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Miscellaneous, Texture Enhancer, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Poor

Lavandin Oil

Essential oil of the hybrid lavender plant Lavandula hybrida and used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient. Its sensitizer potential for skin is similar to that of lavender oil and camphor. Lavandin yields four times more oil per volume of plants than true lavender, but it is of inferior quality and has a distinct camphor scent. It is not used in perfumery, but instead to scent soaps, air fresheners, and similar items.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Lavandula Angustifolia

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Lavandula Officinalis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Lavender Extract And Oil

Widely used plant that’s a member of the mint family. May be listed by its Latin names Lavandula angustifolia or Lavandula officinalis. Primarily a fragrance ingredient, it may have beneficial properties for skin but is also a potential sensitizer due to its fragrance components. The oil form is more likely to aggravate skin than the extract form, especially if you can detect lavender’s distinctive scent.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

L-Cysteine

Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Lecithin

Beneficial properties include emolliency (think skin softening), water-binding (to boost hydration), and emulsifying (to help water + oil ingredients mesh in a formula). Can also be used to encapsulate ingredients for improved dermal delivery.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Poor

Lemon

Citrus fruit that’s a potent skin sensitizer.The juice from lemon is often touted as being a natural option for brightening skin. The truth is that lemon juice is highly acidic (has a very low pH of 2) and exceedingly sensitizing to skin. Lemon juice applied to skin can cause photosensitivty on exposure to sunlight, which is due to a volatile fragrance chemical known as limonene, which is abundant in lemon juice. Lemon, whether in juice or oil form, is a must to avoid in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Lemon Balm

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Lemongrass Extract

Extract that can have beneficial properties, but it also may be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

AVERAGE

Lemongrass Essential Oil

It is an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant ingredient. It helps fight off free radicals that damage cells and it helps prevent and reduce irritations.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Lemon Juice

The juice from the citrus fruit lemon, often touted in the world of skin care as being a natural option for brightening skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing

Poor

Lemon Oil

Commonly used citrus oil that can be a skin sensitizer, especially on abraded skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Lentil Fruit Extract

Extract that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and likely has antioxidant benefit, too.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Skin-Softening

Average

Lentinus Edodes Extract

Extract from the shiitake mushroom that may have beneficial properties, although it could be a potential skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Antioxidants

Best

Leontopodium Alpinum (Edelweiss) Extract

Edelweiss is a plant extract whose constituents are capable of providing antioxidant and skin-soothing benefit for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Leptospermum Scoparium Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Leucine

Amino acid.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate

Leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate is a preservative created by fermenting Raphanus sativus (radish) roots.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Preservatives

Poor

Levisticum Officinale Root Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Licorice Extract

Plant extract that has skin-soothing properties. In addition, licorice root may be effective in improving the look of an uneven skin tone.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Licorice Root

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Average

Lilium Candidum Bulb Extract

Extract derived from the white lily bulb. There is no research showing this has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Lime Oil And Extract

Citrus fruit whose volatile compounds are skin sensitizers and photosensitizers. Lime oil is a known fragrance sensitizer that contains the fragrance chemicals bergapten and limonene, both of which can cause what’s known as a photosenstive reaction when applied to skin. A phototoxic reaction can result in a patchy, uneven appearance to skin. Although lime extract and oil may have some antioxidant activity, their sensitizer potential outweighs any benefit.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Limnanthes Alba

Plant commonly known as meadowfoam; its seed oil is a non-volatile plant oil used as a skin-softening agent.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Softening

Best

Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil

Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil is a non-fragrant, edible plant oil originally developed as an agricultural crop in the 1950s.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Good

Limnanthes Alba Seed Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Limonene

Chemical constituent of many natural fragrant ingredients, notably citrus oils such as lemon (d-limonene) and pine trees or species of the mint family (l-limonene).
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Linalool

Fragrant component of lavender and coriander that can be a potent skin sensitizer.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Linden Flower Extract

Major active constituents in linden are flavonoids and glycosides. Flavonoids are potent antioxidants and glycosides are monosaccharides that have water-binding properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Linoleic Acid

Unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid found in corn, safflower, and sunflower oils and used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics. There is some research showing it to be effective as a skin restorative, an antioxidant and as a skin-soothing agent.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Skin-Restoring, Emollients

Best

Linolenic Acid

Naturally occurring, colorless polyunsaturated fatty acid liquid that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and skin-restorative ingredient. Also known as alpha-linolenic acid, this ingredient is a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid that occurs in vegetable oil and flax seed oil as well as canola and soy oils. Walnuts are a top dietary source of this fatty acid. Linolenic acid has research showing topical application helps improve many skin concerns.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Plant Extracts

Best

Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil

Linum usitastissimum (linseed) seed oil is more commonly known as flaxseed oil.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Linum Usitatissimum Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Lipid

Wide range of ingredients found in plants, animals, and human skin. In skincare products, these are emollients and thickening agents.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Liposomes

Delivery system (not an ingredient) capable of holding other ingredients and releasing them after the liposome is absorbed into the skin. Liposomes are microscopic lipid (fat) sacs that are widely used as a way to deliver other ingredients into skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Lithium Magnesium Sodium Silicate

Synthetic silica-based clay composed of lithium, sodium, and magnesium. Used as a thickening agent and an absorbent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Absorbent

Best

Lithospermum Erythrorhizon

Also known as gromwell, the root of this plant is believed to have antioxidant and skin-soothing activity.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Litsea Cubeba

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Locust Bean

Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Best

Lonicera Caprifolium Flower Extract

A plant extract that functions as a skin-soothing agent. It is a very good source of flavonoids and saponins, constituents that occur in many plants and convey antioxidant benefit.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Lonicera Japonica

Honeysuckle extract. A plant with soothing properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Lonicera Japonica Flower Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Loquat Extract

Extract derived from a subtropical flower that has antioxidant properties similar to those of green tea.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Lotus Seed Extract

Extract that can have skin-soothing and antioxidant properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Lovage Root Extract

Used as a fragrance.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Lupine

Legume that is a source of isoflavones with antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Lupine Oil

Extract of Lupinus albus, a legume; it has emollient and antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Lupinus Albus (White Lupine) Seed Oil

Lupinus albus (white lupine) seed oil is a non-fragrant plant oil whose unsaturated fatty acid content consists primarily of oleic and erucic acids.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Lupinus Albus Seed Extract

Non-fragrant plant extract that serves as a beneficial source of fatty acids and antioxidants for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Lutein

Carotenoid that has antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Lycium Barbarum Fruit Extract

The extract of the fruit commonly known as goji, goji berry, or wolfberry. This fruit extract is an antioxidant and also works as a skin-softening agent.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Softening

Best

Lycopene

Carotenoid pigment that has antioxidant properties (Source: Photochemistry and Photobiology, May 2002, pages 503–596).
Categories: Antioxidants

Poor

Lye

Categories: Cleansing Agents, Sensitizing

Good

Lysine

Amino acid.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Lysine Hci

Lysine HCI plays a role in keeping skin hydrated and helping it look smooth and youthful.
Categories: Hydration

Good

Macadamia Nut Oil

Used in cosmetics as an emollient for dry skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Madecassoside

One of four principal bioactive compounds in the plant extract Centella asiatica.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Magnesium

Earth mineral that has strong absorbent properties.
Categories: Absorbent

Good

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate

Dervied from clay, this absorbent, dry-feeling, white solid is used as a thickening agent and powder in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Magnesium Ascorbyl Palmitate

Fatty acid–based derivative of vitamin C that can be an effective antioxidant. Research shows this form of vitamin C is less stable than others such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, which is why we don’t rate it as highly as other forms of vitamin C.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate

Stable form of vitamin C known to brighten, firm, and hydrate.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Good

Magnesium Aspartate

Magnesium aspartate is the magnesium salt of aspartic acid that plays a role in maintaining proteins in skin.
Categories: Skin-Softening, Hydration

Good

Magnesium Carbonate

Inorganic mineral salt used as an absorbent, opacifying agent, coloring agent, or to adjust the pH of cosmetic products.
Categories: Absorbent

Good

Magnesium Hydroxide

Active ingredient in milk of magnesia. It is an absorbent and has disinfectant properties for skin.
Categories: Absorbent, Miscellaneous

Good

Magnesium Laureth Sulfate

Mild detergent cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Magnesium Oleth Sulfate

Mild detergent cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Magnesium Palmitoyl Glutamate

Magnesium palmitoyl glutamate is an amino acid (glutamic acid) and mineral (magnesium) blend that conditions and softens skin.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Best

Magnesium Pca

Magnesium PCA is the magnesium salt of PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid), which is part of skin’s intercellular matrix.
Categories: Hydration, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Magnesium Stearate

Used as a thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Magnesium Sulfate

Commonly known as Epsom salt, a magnesium salt used as a texture enhancer.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Mahonia Aquifolium Root Extract

A plant extract known as Orgeon grape, it functions as a calming ingredient, antioxidant, and astringent.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Malic Acid

Malic acid is an exfoliating ingredient derived from unripe fruit.
Categories: Exfoliant

Best

Mallow

Can be used as a texture enhancer in cosmetics and may have skin-soothing properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts

Best

Malpighia Emarginata (Acerola) Fruit Extract

Acerola fruit extract is a potent source of antioxidants and hydrating polysaccharides.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Maltodextrin

A plant-based sugar created by hydrolyzing a saccharide with starch from corn, potato, or rice.
Categories: Thickeners, Film-Forming Agents, Absorbent

Good

Maltooligosyl Glucoside

A polysaccharide that’s naturally-derived and then combined with a starch. It has multiple functions in cosmetics, including binding agent, emulsifier, hydrator, texture enhancer, and film-forming agent.
Categories: Hydration, Film-Forming Agents, Emulsifiers, Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Texture Enhancer

Average

Malvaceae Extract

Extract from plants of the Malvaceae family, which includes over 1,000 species, found in tropical and temperate regions the world over. Their varying benefits and problems are diverse. Consequently, if “Malvaceae” is present on a cosmetic ingredient label, it is misleading, because each of the 1,000 species has its own pros and cons.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Malva Sylvestris Extract

Extract from the blue mallow flower, it may have some skin-soothing properties for the skin, as well as some potential antioxidant benefits.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Mandarin Orange Oil Or Extract

Primarily used as a fragrance; it can be a skin sensitizer. There is no research showing it has any benefit when applied topically.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Mandelic Acid

A type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works as an exfoliant. Due to its large molecule size, it’s generally better tolerated by those with sensitive skin than glycolic acid.
Categories: Exfoliant

Average

Manganese Gluconate

Mineral found in trace amounts in tissues of the body. While manganese plays a vital role in the processes of many body systems, there is no evidence it serves any purpose topically on skin, though it may act as an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Manganese Violet

Coloring agent/additive permanently listed in 1976 by the FDA as safe for use in cosmetics products, including those for use around the eye.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Best

Mangifera Indica (Mango) Seed Butter

Plant-based emollient as it is a rich source of fatty acids and skin-soothing ingredients.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Good

Mangifera Indica Root

Extract derived from the mango tree; it can have antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Mannitol

Mannitol is a plant-derived or lab-made sugar that works in skin care to bind moisture and condition.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Manuka Honey

Manuka honey is a type of honey found in many skin care products.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Good

Manuka Oil

Extract derived from the New Zealand tea tree; the oil is similar to that of the Australian tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia. Manuka oil has antioxidant properties.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Marigold

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Marionberry

Fruit that has potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Marjoram

Herb with a fragrant component used in cosmetics; can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Marshmallow

Marshmallow root extract is a flowering plant native to Africa. It’s used topically to soothe skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Good

Mastocarpus Stellatus

Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Mate Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Matricaria Oil

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Mea

Abbreviation for monoethanolamine.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Best

Medicago Sativa

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Melaleuca Alternifolia

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Melaleuca Cajeputi Oil

There is no research showing that this oil, which is derived from a plant in the same family as the plant that is the source of tea tree oil. It may cause skin sensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Melia Azadirachta (Chinaberry) Flower Extract

The chinaberry is a popular plant throughout India, where use of every part of the plant can be seen in the practice of Ayurvedic medicine.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Melia Azadirachta (Chinaberry) Leaf Extract

Latin term for the extract from the leaf of the neem plant.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Melia Azadirachta Oil

Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Melibiose

Saccharide that can have good water-binding properties.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Poor

Melissa Officinalis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Mentha Arvensis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Mentha Piperita

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Mentha Spicata

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Mentha Viridis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Menthol

Derived from peppermint; menthol can have the same sensitizing effect as peppermint on skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Menthone

Major constituent of peppermint.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Menthoxypropanediol

Synthetic derivative of menthol. Carries the same potential for sensitivity as menthol. Menthoxypropanediol is most often used in lip-plumping products.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Menthyl Anthranilate

Also known as meradimate, this is a synthetic sunscreen active is a partially effective UVA sunscreen, but because it only protects up to 336 nanometers, it does not make the grade for providing sufficient UVA protection on its own.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Poor

Menthyl Lactate

The ester of menthol and lactic acid, this ingredient is used as a cooling or flavoring agent and fragrance in cosmetics. This derivative of menthol is supposed to be less sensitizing than menthol, but there’s no substantiated, pubsliehd research supporting this notion.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Meradimate

Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Poor

Methanol

Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Methicone

One of the simpler silicones due to its less complex molecular structure. It helps give skin products a silky feel and helps skin retain moisture.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Slip Agents

Good

Methionine

Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Poor

Methylchloroisothiazolinone

In combination with methylisothiazolinone, it goes by the trade name Kathon CG (among others). Introduced into cosmetics in the mid-1970s, it elicited a great number of sensitizations in consumers. This led to it not being included in cosmetics other than rinse-off products. When combined with methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone offers preservative benefit. This blend is used in many products instead of parabens, despite the fact that parabens have a better safety track record and lower incidence of causing a sensitizing reaction.
Categories: Preservatives, Sensitizing

Poor

Methyldibromo Glutaronitrile

Formaldehyde-releasing preservative that can also be quite sensitizing when used in leave-on products.
Categories: Preservatives

Poor

Methyldihydrojasmonate

Synthetic fragrant component.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Methyl Gluceth-20

Made by combining polyethylene glycol with glucose to create a new synthetic compound that draws and holds moisture to skin.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Good

Methyl Gluceth-20 Benzoate

The ester of methyl gluceth-20 and preservative and pH adjuster benzoic acid. Esters are ingredients formed from alcohols and acids by eliminating water. Functions as an emollient and solvent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate

A mixure of the diesters of methyl glucoside and stearic acid. Functions as a skin-softening agent and emollient.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Good

Methylglucoside Phosphate

A type of monosaccharide (simple sugar) derived from glucose, it serves as a skin-softening agent in cosmetic products.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Poor

Methylisothiazolinone

Preservative that’s generally recommended for use only in rinse-off products such as cleansers or shampoos. Methylisothiazolinone is known to be sensitizing when used in leave-on products.
Categories: Preservatives, Sensitizing

Good

Methylparaben

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben, isobutylparaben, propylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben. All of these were at one time the most widely used group of preservatives used in cosmetics. Parabens were so popular because of their gentle, non-sensitizing, and highly effective profile in comparison to other preservatives but also because they were derived naturally from plants, a rare phenomenon for a preservative. Parabens are found in plants in the form of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a chemical that breaks down to become parabens for a plants own protection.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Methylpropanediol

Solvent that can be used to enhance the absorption of other ingredients into skin for improved efficacy. Also provides hydrating properties.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Hydration

Good

Methylsilanol Mannuronate

Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Methylsilanol Peg-7 Glyceryl Cocoate

A glyceryl ester used as an emollient and texture enhancer in cosmetics.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Methylsufonylsulfate

Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Methyl Trimethicone

Categories: Silicones, Slip Agents, Emollients

Best

Mexoryl Sx

Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Mica

Earth mineral included in products to give them sparkle and shine.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Microcrystalline Wax

Used as a thickener and to give products a semi-solid to solid smooth texture. Utilized most abundantly in lip care products.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Microcystis Aeruginosa

Latin name for spirulina.
Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Milk Protein

Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Milk Vetch Root

Root with potential antioxidant properties, although there isn't conclusive research that it functions that way when applied topically.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Millet Seed Extract

Extract from a cereal grain that has no established benefit for skin, but is added to cosmetic formularies as a skin-softening agent.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Softening

Poor

Mimosa Oil Or Extract

Extract used as a fragrance in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Mineral Oil

Clear, odorless oil derived from petroleum that is widely used in cosmetics. Despite mineral oil’s association with petroleum and the hype that it’s bad for or ages skin, keep in mind that petroleum is a natural ingredient derived from the earth. Once it’s purified to become mineral oil USP (cosmetics- and pharmaceutical-grade mineral oil), it has no resemblance to the original petroleum and isn’t a source of contaminants.
Categories: Emollients

Poor

Mint

Can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Mixed Fruit Extracts

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Montan Wax

A type of natural wax derived from lignite, which is a type of coal that’s made from wood. Most often used in place of other waxes such as beeswax. It functions as a texture enhancer.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Montmorillonite

Type of clay that’s a mix of bentonite (another clay) and fuller’s earth, the latter being a white to brown substance found in sediment. Like all clays, montmorillonite has absorbent properties and can be a helpful ingredient for oily skin. It also functions as a thickener.
Categories: Absorbent

Good

Morinda Citrifolia

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil

Moringa oil is a non-fragrant plant oil that contains several antioxidants and vitamins.
Categories: Emollients, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Morus Alba (White Mulberry) Root Extract

Morus alba (white mulberry) root extract has antioxidant properties, but its main benefit for skin has to do with calming signs of irritation.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Morus Bombycis Root Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Morus Nigra Root Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Mucopolysaccharide

Also known as glycosaminoglycans. This is a large class of ingredients that includes hyaluronic acid.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Average

Mucor Miehei Extract

It has no established benefit for skin, though companies using this ingredient often describe its enzymatic action as being akin to exfoliation. If that is the case, there is no proof to support the claims.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Average

Mugwort Extract

There is no research showing this extract has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Mulberry Extract

Non-fragrant plant extract (Latin name is Morus alba) whose various parts such as the leaf and root, have shown potential to brighten and improve the look of uneven skin tone. Concentration protocols have not been firmly established, so it’s best to look for mulberry extract in combination with other proven skin-brightening ingredients. Mulberry also works as an antioxidant and appears to be non-irritating.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Murumuru Seed Butter

Categories: Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Myrciaria Dubia (Camu Camu) Fruit Extract

Camu camu is a small berry that, especially when fully ripe, possesses strong antioxidant capacity due to its levels of vitamin C.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Myristamidopropyl Pg-Dimonium Chloride Phosphate

myristamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate
Categories: Skin-Softening, Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers

Good

Myristic Acid

Cleansing agent that also creates foam and can be drying.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Best

Myristoyl Hexapeptide-16

Myristoyl hexapeptide-16 is a synthetic, fatty acid-linked peptide known to improve skin’s resilience, visibly calm, and help skin look and feel smoother.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17

Myristoyl pentapeptide-17 is a synthetic peptide known to increase skin's hydration and resilience. Myristoyl pentapeptide-17 is also one of the best active ingredients used in eyelash growth serums. This peptide has been shown to boost keratin production and lengthen the hair growth cycle.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Myristoyl Tripeptide-31

A synthetic peptide made from combining the fatty acid myristic acid with tripeptide-31. This peptide is believed to have a retinol-like effect on skin’s appearance.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Good

Myristyl Alcohol

A lighter-weight fatty alcohol that functions as a thickener, emulsion stabilizer, and emollient.
Categories: Emollients, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Myristyl Myristate

Used as a texture enhancer and emollient. It has a wetter feel and is best for dry skin.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Myristyl Nicotinate

A derivative of nicotinic acid, a component of vitamin B3 (niacin) that isn’t the same ingredient as niacinamide, yet functions in nearly the same manner. There is research concerning myristyl nicotinate’s ability to improve a variety of skin concerns.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Myrrh

Fragrant gum resin that can be a skin sensitizer. There is little research showing it has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Myrtle Extract

Contains volatile oil and tannins. It contains 1,8-cineole, a constituent responsible for severe sensitivity. It is recommended that this not come in contact with skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Myrtus Communis Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Average

N6-Furfuryladenine

Technical name for kinetin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Restoring

Average

N-Acetyl-L Tyrosine

Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Napca

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Poor

Narcissus Poeticus Wax

Fragrant flower extract that can cause sensitizing reactions.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Nardostachys Jatamansi

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Average

Nasturtium Officinale Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Natto Gum

Fermentation product of soy protein. It may be a potent antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Natural Moisturizing Factor (Nmf)

Substances within skin’s uppermost layers that help keep it smooth, hydrated and healthy-looking. Topical application helps reinforce skin’s surface so skin takes on a younger, replenished appearance.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Neem Extract

Neem extract has antioxidant and skin-calming benefits and may also help reduce the population of harmful microbes on skin’s surface.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Neem Oil

Neem oil contains a chemical known as nimbidin that gives it a sulfur-like odor.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate

Emollient that leaves a silky (but not greasy) afterfeel on skin.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate

Mixture of texture-enhancing ingredient neopentyl glycol and grape-derived fatty acid heptanoic acid. The compound functions as a non-aqueous skin-softening agent and thickener
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Skin-Softening

Poor

Neroli

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Neroli Oil

Fragrant plant oil (Latin name Citrus aurantium) whose fragrance component, which has an orange blossom scent, can be a skin sensitizer. It also be a potent antioxidant.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Average

Nettle Extract

Extract that may have skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

N-Hydroxysuccinimide

N-hydroxysuccinimide is a synthetic ingredient used in cosmetics as an ester to soften and condition skin.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Best

Niacin

Categories: Skin-Restoring, Vitamins

Best

Niacinamide

Also known as Vitamin B3 is a unique skin-restoring ingredient that offers multiple benefits for skin. It is best known for its ability to help visibly reduce enlarged pores and improve dull and uneven skin tone. It strengthens and protects the skin barrier from environmental aggressors and it is proven to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Skin-Restoring, Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Nicotinamide

Categories: Skin-Restoring, Vitamins

Best

Nicotinic Acid

Categories: Skin-Restoring, Vitamins

Good

Noni Juice

Also known as morinda or Morinda citrifolia, comes from a small evergreen tree. The research on this juice and its alleged health effects is considered “very preliminary” or “questionable,” and has yet to be supported by large-scale studies. Its primary benefit for skin, like that of most plants, is as a source of antioxidants. However, there are dozens and dozens of antioxidants with significant research on their benefits for skin, whereas very little exists for morinda. Like most antioxidant plants, noni (morindsa) also has skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Nonoxynols

Used as a mild cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Nylon-12

A polyamide (protein-like polymer) derived from an omega fatty acid. The final ingredient is synthetic, and works in cosmetics as a thickener, opacifier, and offers some mild absorption properties. This ingredient’s size is too large to penetrate past skin’s surface.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Absorbent

Best

Nymphaea Tetragona

Also known as pygmy waterlily. The stem has been shown to be a potent antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Oak Root Extract

Extract that can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Antioxidants

Best

Oat Beta-Glucan

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Oat Bran Extract

Portion of the oat plant that contains antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Oat Kernel Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Oatmeal

Natural ingredient that has soothing properties on skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Octinoxate

Also known as octyl methoxycinnamate and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, octinoxate is the oldest and most common sunscreen active used to protect skin, primarily against UVB rays.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Best

Octisalate

Octisalyate is the technical name for the active sunscreen ingredient octyl salicylate (also known as ethylhexyl salicylate). It protects skin from UVB radiation, and offers a tiny amount of UVA protection, hence it would never be the sole active ingredient in a sunscreen labeled broad spectrum.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Organic Sugar Cane Derived Alcohol

Naturally grown and harvested, this type of alcohol is not denatured or derived from petroleum. Because of the low molecular weight, it is very effective as a skin care carrier agent.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Best

Octocrylene

Globally-approved sunscreen agent that protects skin from the UVB range of sunlight.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Octyldodecanol

A mineral wax used as a texture enhancer in cosmetics, especially to add stability to lipsticks and stick foundations and keep them blended.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Octyldodecyl Myristate

Mixture of octyldodecanol (texture enhancer) and myristic acid that forms a new compound that is used as a skin-softening agent and emollient.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Skin-Softening, Emollients

Good

Octyldodecyl Neopentanoate

A skin-softening agent and emollient.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Best

Octyl Methoxycinnamate

Sunscreen agent used to protect skin primarily from the sun’s UVB rays.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Octyl Palmitate

Used in cosmetics as a texture enhancer and emollient.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Octyl Salicylate

Octyl salicylate is a sunscreen agent also known as ethylhexyl salicylate. It’s used to protect skin primarily from UVB rays.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Octyl Stearate

Used in cosmetics as a texture enhancer and emollient.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

O-Cymen-5-Ol

Preservative used in cosmetics.
Categories: Preservatives

Best

Oenothera Biennis Oil

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Olea Europaea Fruit Oil

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Olea Europaea Oil Unsaponifiables

An unsaponifiable oil is the portion of a plant oil that is not broken down when the oil's fatty acids are refined for use in cosmetic products.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Best

Oleanolic Acid

A potent skin-soothing ingredient known as a triterpene, it's especially when used in synthetic rather than natural form. Oleanolic acid also functions as an antioxidant. This ingredient is in a wide range of food, medicinal herbs, and plants.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Oleic Acid

Oleic acid is a natural, monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid that’s found in many plants.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Texture Enhancer

Good

Oleth-10

A form of fatty alcohol that functions as an emulsifier, penetration enhancer, and cleansing agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Cleansing Agents

Good

Oleths

Mild cleansing agents.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Oleyl Erucate

Skin-softening agent derived from oleyl alcohol, which is obtained chiefly from fish oil.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Poor

Olibanum Extract

Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Olive Oil/Olive Fruit Oil

Emollient plant oil (Latin name Olea europaea) with benefits similar to several other non-fragrant plant oils.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Good

Olive Oil Peg-7 Esters

Olive oil PEG-7 esters comes from a process known as transesterification.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients, Emulsifiers

Best

Optunia Ficus-Indica Stem Extract

A type of cactus also known as prickly pear whose stem is a bountiful source of antioxidant compounds known as polyphenols.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Orange Blossom

Fragrant extract that can also be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Orbignya Martiana

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Orbignya Oleifera Seed Oil

Orbignya oleifera seed oil is more commonly known as babassu oil, a non-fragrant nut oil that smooths and softens skin as well as being a good antioxidant.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Antioxidants

Poor

Orchid

Fragrant flower that can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Oregano

Has beneficial properties, but can also be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Origanum Majorana

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Origanum Vulgare Flower Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Orris Root

Used primarily as a fragrant component due to its violet-like scent. It can cause sensitizing skin reactions and there is no research showing it has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Oryzanol

Component of plants and their products, such as rice bran, that has potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract

Oryza sativa (rice) bran extract is a plant ingredient used in cosmetics to condition and soften skin.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Best

Oryza Sativa Cera

A natural, non-fragrant wax obtained from rice bran. It functions as a skin-softening agent, especially for dry skin.
Categories: Skin-Softening

Good

Oryza Sativa Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Oxidoreductase

Large group of enzymes that block oxygen in different forms from generating environmental damage.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Oxybenzone

Oxybenzone is a sunscreen agent (also known as benzophenone-3) that protects primarily from UVB rays, and some, but not all, UVA rays. It is part of the benzophenone group of chemicals.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Ozokerite

A mineral wax used as a texture enhancer in cosmetics, especially to add stability to lipsticks and stick foundations and keep them blended.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

P. Elisabethae

The “P.” is short for the genus Pseudopterogorgia.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Poor

Paba

Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Average

Padimate O

Sunscreen agent that protects skin primarily from the sun’s UVB rays.This sunscreen active is one of several currently undergoing further safety testing under the purview of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Padina Pavonica Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Average

Paeonia Albiflora Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Average

Paeonia Suffruticosa Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Palmaria Palmata Extract

Extract from a type of algae whose common name is dulse.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Poor

Palmarosa Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Palmitic Acid

Fatty acid found naturally in skin and used as the basis for many palmitate ingredients, such as isopropyl palmitate.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing, Cleansing Agents

Best

Palmitoyl Dipeptide-10

A synthetic peptide whose lipid (fat) component enables skin surface penetration, where it works as an antioxidant to neutralize collagen-degrading enzymes.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12

Blend of the fatty acid palmitic acid with several amino acids, including glycine, histidine, and lysine, Also known as pal-KTTKS and formerly under the catchall term palmitoyl oligopeptide.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Palmitoyl Oligopeptide

Synthetic blend of the fatty acid palmitic acid with several amino acids. Also known as pal-KTTKS. Theoretically, many peptides have skin-restoring ability. Palmitoyl oligopeptide was the former catchall name for a handful of peptides, including palmitoyl hexapeptide-12. As more peptides were synthesized for use in skincare, specific names were developed to avoid confusion.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4

Trade name Matrixyl, a fatty acid mixed with amino acids. Manufactured by the French lab Sederma, it is used primarily as an ingredient in cosmetics making anti-wrinkle claims. Studies both from Sederma and from independent researchers have shown palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 can have an impact on the visual signs of aging, including fine lines and wrinkles.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Palmitoyl Proline

Palmitoyl proline combines fatty acid palmitic acid with the amino acid proline.
Categories: Skin-Softening, Hydration

Best

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7

Synthetic peptide that's part of Matrixyl 3000, which also contains palmitoyl oligopeptide, and is believed to work as a skin-restoring ingredient with anti-aging benefits.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1

Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 is a synthetic fatty acid-linked peptide that can help repair visible skin damage and strengthen skin’s underlying supportive elements. Designated as a “messenger peptide” because of its ability to “tell” skin how to look better,  specifically regarding reducing signs of sun damage like wrinkles and rough texture.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38

An ingredient manufactured by the brand Sederma under the trade name MATRIXYL synthe’6. The only research so far showing this ingredient’s benefit comes from the brand. That research followed 25 women between the ages of 42 to 70 years old who had forehead lines and crow’s feet. After two months, the women reported a decrease in signs of aging of 31% in some cases, and up to 100% in others using a 2% concentration of MATRIXYL synthe’6 versus the placebo.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5

A synthetic peptide which helps to improve the appearance of the skin by supporting collagen production and general skin cell health. It acts on the specific skin receptors; it enhances firmness and elasticity while preventing and reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine-lines.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-8

A plant-derived or synthetic peptide made from combining the fatty acid palmitic acid with tripeptide-8. Paula’s Choice Skincare uses a synthetic version of this peptide consisting of the amino acids arginine, histidine and phenylalanine.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Good

Palm Kernel Acid

A mixture of fatty acids derived from palm oil. Used as a cleansing agent, emulsifier, or to add opacity to cosmetic products such as soaps and water-soluble cleansers. Whereas derivatives of this ingredient are typically synthetic, palm kernel acid is natural.
Categories: Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Best

Palm Oil

Has emollient and antioxidant properties for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Best

Panax Ginseng Root Extract

Ginseng is a popular herbal supplement. When applied topically it delivers antioxidant benefits, boosts hydration, and helps visibly improve signs of skin aging. In relation to hair care, it strengthens the follicles and roots of the hair. This not only encourages new growth but also prevents thinning and breakage of hair.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Panicum Miliaceum

Categories: Plant Extracts

Average

Pansy Extract

Extract for which there is a small amount of research showing it has skin-soothing and antioxidant properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Pantethine

Also known as pantothenic acid.
Categories: Vitamins

Best

Panthenol

Humectant that increases hydration substantially by attracting/retaining moisture. Can also play a role in reducing facial redness triggered by sensitivity.
Categories: Vitamins, Hydration

Best

Pantothenic Acid

Also called vitamin B5, research shows it can be effective for hydration. Pantothenic acid occurs naturally in many foods (fresh meats, vegetables, and whole grains), and helps the body convert carbohydrates into glucose that we need for energy.
Categories: Vitamins

Poor

Papain

Enzyme extracted from papaya. Topically, papaya latex can aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Exfoliant

Average

Papaya Extract

Plant extract that is the source of the enzyme papain, which theoretically can have exfoliating properties on skin, although the majority of the research was not performed on skin. Papaya can be a skin sensitizer, but it’s not as potentially risky as pure papain. Still, it’s not an ingredient to apply daily; there are better options for leave-on exfoliants, including glycolic acid and salicylic acid.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Exfoliant

Poor

Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (Paba)

Sunscreen ingredient rarely used since the 1990s because of strong potential for sensitizing reactions.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Parabens

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben, isobutylparaben, propylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben. All of these were at one time the most widely used group of preservatives used in cosmetics. Parabens were so popular because of their gentle, non-sensitizing, and highly effective profile in comparison to other preservatives but also because they were derived naturally from plants, a rare phenomenon for a preservative. Parabens are found in plants in the form of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a chemical that breaks down to become parabens for a plant’s own protection.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Paraffin

Waxy, petroleum-based substance used as a thickener in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Paraffinum Liquidum

The Latin name for emollient ingredient mineral oil, also known as liquid paraffin.
Categories: Emollients

Best

Parsol 1789

Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Good

Passiflora Edulis Extract

The layperson term for this Brazilian-based plant oil is passion fruit, and it’s not a miracle of nature that addresses all kinds of skin concerns.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil

The layperson term for this Brazilian-based plant oil is passion fruit. Also known as maracuja oil, it’s one of many good plant oils that can improve the look and feel of dry skin. Passion fruit oil has documented skin-soothing properties. It’s also a source of lycopene, and antioxidant common to tomatoes.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Passion Fruit Extract

There is no research showing this has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Patchouli

Fragrant oil derived from mint. It contains eugenol and can aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Average

Pawpaw Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Exfoliant

Good

Pca

PCA (which stands for pyrrolidone carboxylic acid), is an ingredient derived from amino acids that serves as a humectant and is part of the natural moisturizing factor.
Categories: Hydration

Good

Peanut Oil

Emollient plant oil similar to all nonfragrant plant oils.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Pecan Oil

Emollient plant oil similar to all nonfragrant plant oils.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Pectin

Natural substance found in plants, especially apples, and used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and thickening agent.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Peg

PEG is an acronym for polyethylene glycol, an amazingly versatile ingredient in skin care products because of the many uses it has and its broad compatibility with different types of ingredients. PEG is often mixed with an array of hydrating emollients, beneficial fatty acids, and cleansing agents. In these various combinations, a PEG can be used in gentle cleansers, elegant moisturizers, sunscreens, and unique treatment products.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg/Ppg-17/6 Copolymer

A synthetic glycol-created polymer that works primarily as a solvent but can also be an emollient and cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg/Ppg-18/18 Dimethicone

PEG stands for polyethylene glycol; PPG stands for polypropylene glycol.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Good

Peg/Ppg-18/4 Copolymer

A synthetic glycol-based polymer that functions as a solvent.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Peg/Ppg-20/15 Dimethicone

PEG stands for polyethylene glycol; PPG stands for polypropylene glycol.
Categories: Silicones, Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg-100 Stearate

Categories: Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Good

Peg-10 Dimethicone

A synthetic blend of polyethylene glycol and skin-protecting silicone that conditions skin and hair.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Good

Peg-10 Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer

A synthetic, silicone-enhanced polymer that helps products adhere to skin better.
Categories: Silicones, Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg-10 Phytosterol

A synthetic or soy-derived (Paula’s Choice Skincare uses the latter) ingredient used in cosmetics as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers

Good

Peg-10 Rapeseed Sterol

A blend of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the fatty acid component of the rapeseed plant. Used as a surfactant and to help make products soluble. This ingredient may also be listed as PEG-10 phytosterol.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate

Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Peg-12 Dimethicone

A silicone blend of skin-protective dimethicone and a lightweight polyethylene glycol. It functions as a hair and skin-conditioning agent.
Categories: Silicones, Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg-12 Glyceryl Dimyristate

A skin-replenishing ingredient that is a polymer of ethylene oxide.
Categories: Hydration, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Peg-14

A lightweight synthetic polymer that serves as solvent and humectant (moisture-binding) ingredient in cosmetics.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Peg-150 Distearate

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Peg-20 Glyceryl Triisostearate

PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate is an ester of the fatty acid isostearic acid combined with polyethylene glycol and glycerin.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients, Emulsifiers, Skin-Softening

Good

Peg-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate

A mix of polyethylene glycol, methyl glucose, and stearic acid that serves as an emollient and emulsifier in cosmetics. Good example of combining natural and synthetic.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg-32

Peg-32 also functions as an emulsifier, which is a type of ingredient that keeps unlike substances (such as oil and water) from separating.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Peg-33

A synthetic polymer whose role in cosmetics is both solvent and humectant (moisture-binding).
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Peg-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

Emollient ingredient that is a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with castor oil.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Peg-40 Stearate

The blend of a polyethylene glycol derivative with the fatty acid stearic acid. Works as both a cleansing agent and to keep ingredients soluble.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Peg-60 Almond Glycerides

The polyethylene glycol derivative of fatty acids from almond oil, this ingredient functions as an emollient, skin-conditioning agent, and emulsifier, among others. It has plant (that being the almond) and synthetic properties, and is not considered a problematic ingredient.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Peg-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

The chief function of this ingredient is cleansing agent.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Cleansing Agents

Good

Peg-75 Shea Butter Glycerides

A form of shea butter where select fatty acids are combined with polyethylene glycol to create a lighter moisturizing agent with mild cleansing properties.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Peg-75 Stearate

PEG-75 stearate is an ester blend of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Peg-7 Glyceryl Cocoate

A complex blend of a polyethylene glycol derivative and coconut + glycerin-derived cleansing agent. The blend can be an emollient, emulsifier, and surfactant.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg-8

A synthetic polymer that works to bind moisture to skin and as a solvent for other cosmetic ingredients, helping them penetrate more efficiently.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Peg-80 Sorbitan Laurate

Mild surfactant.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Peg-8 Dimethicone

A blend of a synthetic polyethylene glycol polymer with skin-protective dimethicone. It conditions both skin and hair.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Peg 90m

Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Poor

Pelargonium Graveolens Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Pellitory

Plant whose root extract can cause skin sensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Pelvetia Canaliculata (Algae) Extract

Pelvetia canaliculata is a type of brown seaweed also known as Channeled wrack.
Categories: Antioxidants, Hydration, Plant Extracts

Poor

Pentadecalactone

Synthetic fragrance used in cosmetics.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Pentaerythrityl Tetra-Di-T-Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate

Lab-engineered antioxidant used in a variety of skin care and personal care products to improve formula and color stability while ensuring consistent efficacy of more fragile antioxidants.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Pentaerythrityl Tetraisostearate

Derived from the ingredient isostearic acid, this functions as a thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Pentaerythrityl Tetraoctanoate

Synthetic compound as an emollient and thickening agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Pentapeptide-59

Pentapeptide-59 is a biomimetic peptide that contains amino acids.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Pentapeptides

Pentapeptides are a type of peptide where the peptide has five ("penta") amino acids. There are dozens of pentapeptides used in cosmetic products.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Good

Pentasodium Pentetate

Used as a chelating agent in cosmetics to prevent various mineral components from binding together and negatively affecting the formulation.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Pentylene Glycol

This water-binding ingredient works well in cosmetics as a hydrating ingredient, solvent, and texture enhancer. It has been deemed safe for use in skin care products.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Poor

Peppermint

Both the oil and the extract can have beneficial properties, but they can also have a sensitizing effect on skin. Peppermint oil is a more potent sensitizer than peppermint water. Peppermint is a common cause of sensitivity on the face, particularly around the mouth, as it’s frequently used as flavoring in toothpastes. The oil contains 44% menthol, an ingredient believed to be largely responsible for peppermint oil’s benefits as well as its risks.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Peptides

Peptides are portions of short or long-chain amino acids, and amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Skin is composed primarily of a protein known as keratin, so peptides have a role to play as part of a complete skincare routine—though as with any anti-aging ingredient, it’s important to keep your expectations realistic!
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Skin-Restoring

Average

Perilla Ocymoides

Also known as beefsteak plant. Like many plants, the leaves contain flavones which help the plant survive in natural sunlight. Although the oil from this plant is best avoided due to the risk of skin sensitivity, its extracts may have soothing activity as well as functioning as antioxidants.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil

Persea gratisima is the Latin name for avocado, and the oil from this fruit is an excellent source of skin-replenishing fatty acids
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts, Hydration, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Persicaria Hydropiper

Persicaria hydropiper (water pepper) extract is the extract of the whole plant, Persicaria hydropiper polygonaceae. It is rich in flavonoids (as quercetin) and sesquiterpenes, showing antioxidants and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Skin-Soothing

Poor

Petitgrain Mandarin

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Petrolatum

This ingredient is widely considered one of the best and gentlest options for dry skin and is often used in moisturizers and balms. It is highly purified and is safe as used in cosmetics.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Emollients

Best

Peucedanum Graveolens (Dill) Extract

A plant extract with research showing it can improve skin’s resiliency and work as an antioxidant. Dill also has a calming action on sensitized skin.Dill is a rich source of minerals such as iron and potassium as well as beta-carotene. Its anti-aging benefits have been looked at in vitro and in vivo, on what’s known as dermal equivalents (human skin samples).
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Pha

Categories: Exfoliant

Good

Phenoxyethanol

Safe preservative known to be well-tolerated by skin; offers wide spectrum protection against unwanted microbials in a formula.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Phenoxyisopropanol

Alcohol used as a solvent and preservative.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Phenylalanine

A key amino acid of the melanogenesis process. This unique molecule combats the appearance of hyperpigmentation to reveal a brighter and more even skin tone.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Average

Phenylethyl Resorcinol

Synthetic antioxidant often seen in skin-brightening products.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Phenyl Trimethicone

In skin care, it contributes to a product’s silky texture and feel on skin. In hair care, it conditions and increases luster.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients

Best

Phloretin

A flavonoid substance derived from apples and the bark of apple trees. As for topical application to skin, research has shown that it has antioxidant ability, can improve the look of an uneven skin tone, and also serves as a penetration enhancer, which means it can, when properly formulated, help other beneficial ingredients go beyond the superficial layers of skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Phosphatidylcholine

Active ingredient in lecithin. PC is considered a very good water-binding agent and aids in the penetration of other ingredients into the skin.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Best

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Phospholipid

Type of lipid (fat) composed of glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. Lecithin is an example of a phospholipid. See lecithin.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Phosphoric Acid

Used as a pH adjuster in cosmetics and skincare products.
Categories: Uncategorized

Poor

Photosensitizer

Ingredient that can aggravate skin when exposed to sunlight.
Categories: Uncategorized

Average

Phthalates

Phthalates refers to a wide range of substances that are very different from one another. Some are considered safe, and others are considered to pose a potential risk. Those that are considered to be potential risks are not approved for use in consumer packaging were banned in the US as well as the EU (these are phthalates DEHP, DBP, DIBP and BBP). Just to be clear, these have never been used in personal care products to begin with, rather they are used for industrial products.
Categories: Uncategorized

Best

Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract

Extract that has antioxidant and soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Physalis Angulata Extract

This plant extract has a potent calming effect on skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Phytantriol

Hair- and skin-conditioning agent that also has water-binding properties.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Phytic Acid

Component of plants that has antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Phytoceramides

Phytoceramides are plant-derived ceramides.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Phytonadione

One form of vitamin K.
Categories: Vitamins

Best

Phytosphingosine

Long-chain, complex fatty alcohol that functions as a water-binding agent and also has preservative qualities. Its name is derived from the term sphingoid, coined in 1884 by chemist J. L. W. Thudichum because the way the molecules of this substance lined up reminded him of the riddle of the Sphinx. It seems this ingredient can also be a skin-restoring ingredient, albeit one that is best for compromised skin.
Categories: Preservatives, Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Restoring

Best

Phytosphingosine Phosphate

Phytosphingosine phosphate is a large mix of esters derived from phytosphingosine and phosphoric acid.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Phytosterols

Phytosterols are naturally occurring, cholesterol-like molecules found in all plant foods.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Soothing

Best

Phytosteryl/Octyldodecyl Lauroyl Glutamate

Phytosteryl/octyldodecyl lauroyl glutamate, a mix of amino acids and plant-based sterols, functions in cosmetics as an emollient and skin-conditioner.
Categories: Emollients

Best

Picea Abies Extract

Latin name for Norway spruce. Research has shown its bark to be a rich source of antioxidants.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Pineapple Extract

Contains some antioxidant and skin-soothing properties, particularly from the enzyme bromelain it contains.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Exfoliant

Good

Pinecone Extract

Components of this extract, specifically linolenic and linoleic acids, can have antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants

Poor

Pine Oil

It can aggravate skin and should never be used on abraded or chafed skin. May be used as an extract or oil.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Pinus Lambertiana Wood Extract

Pine extract that may aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Pinus Sylvestris Extract

Categories: Antioxidants

Poor

Piper Nigrum

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Pistachio Seed Oil

Emollient plant oil with uses similar to peanut oil in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Pistacia Vera Seed Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Pisum Sativum (Pea) Extract

Pea Sprouts are highly beneficial for hair growth, feeding hair with essential nutrients and antioxidants to refresh and revitalise hair from the root. Studies have shown that Pea Sprout Extract can help strengthen hair follicle stem cells.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Plankton Extract

A marine species known as Thalasso plankton and derived from various algae, seaweed, or marine skeletons. There is no research showing plankton extract has any benefit for skin but, like most forms of algae, it can have moisture-binding properties. Although that's good, keep in mind plankton ism't a miracle (not even a minor one) or a must-have ingredient for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Average

Plasticizing Agents

Ingredients that place a thin layer of plastic over the skin. Typically these are used in facial masks so they can be peeled off the skin.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Plinia Cauliflora (Jabuticaba) Fruit Extract

Jabuticaba is a dark berry native to Brazil and, like many berries, is a rich source of nearly a dozen polyphenolic antioxidants.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Plum Extract

Extract of Prunus americana that may have antioxidant activity when applied topically
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Plum Seed Oil

Plum (Prunus domestica) seed oil, also known as plum kernel oil, is non-fragrant oil extracted from the seeds of the plum fruit.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Poor

Pogostemon Cablin

Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Poloxamer 184

Functions as a cleansing agent and emulsifier. It helps water mix with debris and oil to be rinsed off skin.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Poloxamer 407

Liquid polymer that functions as a surfactant. This ingredient can also keep unlike ingredients (such as oil and water) from separating in a cleansing emulsion.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Poloxamers

Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Polyacrylamide

A synthetic polymer that works as a film-former, binding agent, and as a fixative.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Polyacrylate-17

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Polyacrylate Crosspolymer

A synthetic polymer that functions to protect skin's surface, thicken products, and help keep cosmetic formulas stable. Polyacrylate crosspolymer is a versatile ingredient that can also help give products clarity and improve texture.
Categories: Film-Forming Agents, Texture Enhancer

Good

Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6

Polyacrylate crosspolymer-6 is a synthetic powder ingredient that stabilizes and thickens water-based emulsions.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Polyamide-8

An emollient, crystal-clear ingredient that gives water-resistance and moisturizing properties to products such as lipsticks, glosses, and eyeshadows.
Categories: Emollients, Film-Forming Agents

Good

Polyaminopropyl Biguanide

Synthetic polymer that functions as a preservative.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Polybutene

A clear, colorless synthetic liquid polymer that works as a binding, glossing, and thickening agent in cosmetics. Its large size makes it impossible to penetrate past skin’s uppermost layers.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Polyethylene

A synthetic polymer whose many uses in cosmetics depend on whether it is used in solid, wax, or liquid forms. In solid form it can be an abrasive; wax and liquid forms serve as binding or thickening agents and film-formers.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Scrub Agents

Good

Polyethylene Glycol

Also listed as PEG on ingredient labels, it helps keep products stable and performs functions similar to those of glycerin. Because polyethylene glycol can penetrate skin, it is also a vehicle that helps deliver other ingredients deeper into skin. Polyethylene glycol as used in cosmetics is purified for safety.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Scrub Agents

Good

Polyglucuronic Acid

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Polyglycerol Monostearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Polyglyceryl-10 Caprylate/Caprate

Polyglyceryl-10 caprylate/caprate is a single ester created from polymers and glycerin used in skin care as an emulsifier or solvent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Polyglyceryl-10 Dioleate

Polyglyceryl-10 dioleate is a mixture of the fatty acid esters of oleic acid and a polymer, polyglycerin-10, which functions as a hydrator and emulsifier.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Hydration

Good

Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate

A plant-derived or synthetic ester of lauric acid and the synthetic polymer polyglycerin-10.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents, Skin-Softening

Good

Polyglyceryl-10 Stearate

Polyglyceryl-10 stearate is the ester of stearic acid with a glycerin polymer that functions as a skin-softener and emollient ingredient.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients, Emulsifiers

Good

Polyglyceryl 2 Triisostearate

A mixture of the fatty acid Isostearic acid and a form of glycerin that functions as a skin-conditioning agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax

A mix of beeswax, glycerin polymer, and fatty acids that works in cosmetics as a surfactant and emollient.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Cleansing Agents

Good

Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose Distearate

Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Polyglyceryl-3 Rice Branate

An ingredient that serves as a surfactant and emulsifier and is a derivative of the fatty acids that come from rice bran oil.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents

Good

Polyglyceryl-3 Stearate

Polyglyceryl-3 stearate is the ester of the fatty acid stearic acid and polyglycerin-3, which is a polymer of glycerin that contains three units.
Categories: Emollients, Emulsifiers

Good

Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate

The ester of isostearic acid and polyglycerin-4 that functions as an emollient and can also be a surfactant.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Polyglyceryl-4 Laurate

Polyglyceryl-4 laurate works as an emollient, emulsifier, and a cleansing agent
Categories: Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Polyglyceryl-4 Olivate

Polyglyceryl-4 olivate is the plant-derived or synthetic ester of olive oil and polyglycerin.
Categories: Emollients, Emulsifiers

Good

Polyglyceryl-6 Isostearate

A synthetic mixture of fatty acids from stearic acids and a glycerin polymer. Multiple roles in cosmetics include emollient, emulsifier, and surfactant, making it a good choice for hydrating cleansers.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Polyglyceryl Methacrylate

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Polygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract

Polygonum cuspidatum root extract is a plant whose root is a good source of the potent polyphenolic antioxidant trans-resveratrol.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Polyhydroxy Acid

Polyhydroxy acids are ingredients such as gluconolactone and lactobionic acid. They’re supposed to be as effective as AHAs, but less sensitizing.
Categories: Exfoliant

Good

Polyhydroxystearic Acid

Synthetic polymer related to stearic acid. It functions as a suspending agent.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Polyisobutene

Polymer of the hydrocarbon isobutylene obtained from petroleum oil. It functions as a thickening and film-forming agent and does not penetrate skin due to its large molecular size.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Polymer

Word that literally means many parts. Any of numerous compounds having a high molecular weight, either from being composed of many smaller molecules or by condensing many small molecules into larger molecules that can take on new forms and perform different functions. Plastic is an example of polymer technology, as is nylon. Polymers do not have a defined formula because they consist of various chains of different lengths. Natural polymers exist, too; examples are polysaccharides, rubber, and cellulose. The human body contains many polymers in the form of various proteins, nucleic acids, and the energy source glycogen. Hundreds, if not thousands, of cosmetic ingredients with various functions have been created based on the evolving science of polymers.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Polymethylsilsesquioxane

A silicone derivative that serves as a skin conditioning agent and moisturizer in cosmetics.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Polypropylene Glycol

Also known by the acronym PPG, polypropylene glycol is a polymer, or large molecule, of propylene glycol. Like propylene glycol, it is used as a humectant and a delivery agent in cosmetics. Despite reports that it can be a skin sensitizer, researchers have found that it does not present a health risk for people when used in cosmetics.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Polyquaternium-10

A synthetic polymer compound primarily used in hair care products due to its value as a flexible film-forming and anti-static agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Polyquaterniums

Group of ingredients used primarily in hair-care products for their antistatic and film-forming properties. They can have water-binding properties for skin due to the sheer “plastic” film layer they create on skin.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Polysaccharide

Natural component of skin that can be a good water-binding agent and potentially have antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Polysilicone-11

A specialized, synthetic cross-linked siloxane (a type of silicone) that functions as a film-forming agent.
Categories: Silicones, Texture Enhancer

Good

Polysorbate 20

Used in cosmetics primarily as a mild cleansing agent, this coconut-derived ingredient is considered extremely stable and safe. It’s also used as a food additive and to help with drug delivery in oral medications.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Polysorbate 60

Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Polysorbate 80

Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Polysorbates

Large group of ingredients (including the common polysorbate 20) most often derived from lauric acid, which is derived from coconuts. Polysorbates function as emulsifiers and also have mild surfactant properties; some polysorbates are derived from the food ingredient sorbitol, which occurs naturally in many fruits, while others have a fatty acid component. Polysorbates are considered non-toxic and safe as used in the concentrations found in cosmetics and food products (in food products, polysorbates function as stabilizers).
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Average

Polyvinyl Alcohol

A synthetic polymer of vinyl alcohol that functions in cosmetics as a gel-based thickener, film-forming, and binding agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

Usually listed on ingredient labels as PVP or PVP copolymer, it is one of the primary ingredients used in hairstyling products to hold hair in place. When present in minuscule amounts in skin-care products, it places an imperceptible film over the skin that is considered to be water-binding and that helps give the appearance of firmer skin. It can aggravate skin for some individuals.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Pomegranate Extract

Pomegranate and its extracts have antioxidant properties that, while not conclusively demonstrated on human skin
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Pongamia Glabra Seed Oil

Oil derived from the seeds of the Millettia pinnata tree, a plant native to South and Southeast Asia. It is a non-fragrant plant oil, and like all non-fragrant plant oils, has antioxidant and emollient properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients

Best

Poria Cocos Extract

Also known as Hoelen and Fu ling. Extract derived from a mushroom, which has antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Porphyridium Cruentum Extract

Extract derived from a type of red algae. There is research showing components of red algae contain the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid, the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, and other skin-friendly ingredients such as polysaccharides. Whether or not the entire red algae extract provides benefit when applied topically on skin is not known.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Portulaca Oleracea Extract

Extract of a common, globally-distributed weed-like succulent plant commonly known as purslane. This golden or green-colored plant has skin-soothing properties and is a potent antioxidant thanks to its high amounts of vitamins A (as beta-carotene), C, and E (alpha-tocopherol) as well as other antioxidant compounds such as glutathione. The antioxidants in purslane combine to address numerous skin concerns.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Portulaca Pilosa Extract

Natural ingredient that’s a rich source of potent, effective antioxidants skin needs to look and act younger. Also contains hydrating saccharides.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Potassium

Important element in diet that is present in such fruits as bananas and citrus. It is also an earth mineral that has absorbent properties and some benefical properties, but can also aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Absorbent

Best

Potassium Ascorbyl Tocopheryl Phosphate

Blend of vitamins C and E with phosphorus that functions as an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate

Multitasker that improves uneven tone, soothes skin, and balances oil production while also hydrating skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Good

Potassium Cetyl Phosphate

Used as a detergent cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Potassium Citrate

Potassium citrate is a buffering agent that is the potassium salt of citric acid.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Average

Potassium Hydroxide

Highly alkaline ingredient (also known as lye) used in small amounts in cosmetics to modulate the pH of a product. It’s also used as a cleansing agent, most often in pure soaps or soap hybrid products. In higher concentrations, potassium hydroxide can aggravate skin, even if used in rinse-off products.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Average

Potassium Myristate

Detergent cleansing agent that’s a constituent of soap; it can be drying and aggravate skin for some people.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Best

Potassium Pca

Potassium PCA is the potassium salt of PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid), a substance that’s a natural part of skin’s intercellular matrix.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Hydration

Good

Potassium Phosphate

A synthetic mineral-derived ingredient primarily used in cosmetics to adjust (buffer) the formula’s pH value.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Potassium Sorbate

Used as a preservative, almost always used in conjunction with other preservatives.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Ppg-12/Smdi Copolymer

An ingredient that serves as a film-forming agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Ppg-12 Buteth-16

Versatile ingredient composed of several non-volatile alcohols. Functions as a skin-conditioning agent, emulsifier, solvent, and surfactant.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Cleansing Agents

Good

Ppg-14 Butyl Ether

A synthetic mix of a polypropylene glycol derivative and butyl alcohol which forms a new compound that functions as a solvent and skin-conditioning agent since it restores a supple feel.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Ppg-20 Methyl Glucose Ether

A synthetic blend of polypropylene glycol and methyl glucose derivatives that helps smooth and conditions skin and hair. Excellent for hydrating due to its humectant (water-binding) properties.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Ppg-26-Buteth-26

A derivative of butyl alcohol (a non-irritating fatty alcohol) that works to condition skin and hair in cosmetics.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents

Good

Ppg-2-Deceth-30

An emulsifying agent partially derived from a fatty alcohol.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Ppg-2 Myristyl Ether Propionate

Mixture of glycols and fatty alcohols used as a skin-replenishing agent and, in some cases, as a thickening agent.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Ppg-3 Benzyl Ether Myristate

An emollient that has a silicone-like feel and multiple functions in cosmetic products. PPG-3 benzyl ether myristate adds shine to hair, improves the spreadability of creams, suspends pigments in makeup, and moisturizes skin, among other traits. This ingredient is considered safe and gentle.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Preservatives

Substance used in cosmetics to prevent contamination of products, particularly water-based formulas. Although there’s definitely a risk of aggravation from these types of ingredients, the risk to skin and eyes from using a contaminated product is considered by many scientists to be even greater.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Proline

A skin restoring amino acid essential for the formation of collagen. It is also an anti-inflammatory ingredient which plays a large role in skin healing.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Propanediol

Improves ingredient absorption while adding moisturizing properties for skin. Can also be used to support the stability of a formula.
Categories: Uncategorized, Hydration

Good

Propolis

Brownish, resinous material that is collected by bees and used to construct the hive.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Good

Propylene Carbonate

A synthetic liquid solvent that works to decrease the thickness other ingredients to help make products easier to use.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Propylene Glycol

Humectant (hydrator) that can enhance the delivery of key ingredients into skin. Also plays a role in keeping formulas from melting in high heat or freezing in low temps.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Propylene Glycol Dibenzoate

A synthetic blend of moisture-binding solvent propylene glycol with the preservative benzoic acid. It works in cosmetics as a skin-softening emollient.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate

A mix of hydrating solvent propylene glycol and the fatty acids caprylic and capric, both derived from coconut. Works to condition skin and has occlusive properties.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Propylene Glycol Isostearate

Mixture of propylene glycol and isostearic acid used as an emollient and emulsifier.
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Good

Propylene Glycol Laurate

The ester of propylene glycol and lauric acid, which is a constituent of many vegetable fats.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Propylene Glycol Stearate

Mixture of propylene glycol and stearic acid used as a skin-conditioning agent and emulsifier.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Propyl Gallate

An ester of gallic acid that is an antioxidant, and helps protect fats and oils used in cosmetics products from becoming rancid. It has been ruled safe as used in cosmetics products.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Propylparaben

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben, isobutylparaben, propylparaben, methylparaben, and ethylparaben. All of these were at one time the most widely used group of preservatives used in cosmetics. Parabens were so popular because of their gentle, non-sensitizing, and highly effective profile in comparison to other preservatives but also because they were derived naturally from plants, a rare phenomenon for a preservative. Parabens are found in plants in the form of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a chemical that breaks down to become parabens for a plants own protection.
Categories: Preservatives

Average

Prunella Vulgaris

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Prunus Americana

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil

Latin name for apricot and also known as Armenian plum. Use in cosmetics depends on the part used: oil, extract, water/juice, leaf, seed, or shell.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Prunus Domestica Seed Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Prunus Domestica Seed Oil

Non-fragrant plant oil, more commonly known as plum (and, when dried, prune) that is a rich source of several potent antioxidants.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Prunus Dulcis

Categories: Emollients

Best

Prunus Serotina (Wild Cherry) Fruit Extract

Commonly known as black cherry, wild cherry extract is a potent source of antioxidants, notably several kinds of antioxidants known as polyphenols.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Pseudopterogorgia Elisabethae

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Psidium Guajava Fruit Extract

Guava extract is a rich source of bioactive antioxidants including gallic acid, quercetin, and tocopherol.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Pueraria Lobata

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Pullulan

A glucan gum produced by a skin-friendly black yeast that contains polysaccharides, making it a good hydrating ingredient, thickener, and antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer

Best

Pumpkin

Plant whose seeds are a rich source of fatty acids and several antioxidant components, including carotene, lutein, and various cartenoid pigments. Pumpkin oil is a rich source of the skin-restoring ingredient linoleic acid and antioxidant vitamin E. Pumpkin does not contain fragrance chemicals that are sensitizing to skin, and as such can be considered a beneficial plant ingredient. Enzymes naturally present in pumpkin are often claimed to be alternative exfoliant/peel ingredients for skin. There is no substantiated research supporting the efficacy of exfoliating skin with pumpkin enzymes. In all likelihood, the enzymes do not remain active or stable once they are added to a cosmetic product.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Pumpkin Seed Extract

Type of squash that is a very good source of antioxidant cartenoids and vitamin E. Pumpkin seed extract and pumpkin seed oil are also a great source of essential fatty acids (including linoleic acid) and zinc. It's an excellent non-fragrant plant extract to see in cosmetics.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing, Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Best

Punica Granatum Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Purified Water

Categories: Uncategorized

Best

Purslane

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Pvm/Ma Decadiene Crosspolymer

A complex synthetic polymer whose primary role is film-forming agent in the waterless phase of a cosmetic formula. Also helps thicken gels and in higher amounts can provide hold to hairstyling products.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Pvp

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Pvp/Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate

Polymer formed from PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the film-forming agent dimethylaminomethacrylate.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Pvp Copolymer

Categories: Texture Enhancer

Best

Pycnogenol

Antioxidant derived from the bark of the French Maritime pine tree, also known as Pinus pinaster bark extract. The term pycnogenol was previously used generically but is now a trademarked ingredient.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Hcl)

Scientific name for vitamin B6; may have antioxidant benefits for skin when applied topically.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Poor

Pyrus Cydonia

Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Best

Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract

Pyrus malus (apple) fruit extract is a species of apple; the fruit is a tremendous source of polyphenolic antioxidants.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Average

Quaternium-15

Formaldehyde-releasing preservative used in cosmetics. It can aggravate skin, as can all preservatives, although quaternium-15’s ability to do so is very low if the amount in a product is less than 0.2%.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Quaternium-18 Hectorite

Used as a suspending agent and also has emulsifying properties.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Quaternium Ammonium Compounds

A wide range of ingredients, called “quats” for short, that share a unique molecular structure that makes them strongly attracted to hair. When one end of the quat grabs the hair, the other end sticks out, providing a handle for another quat molecule to grab onto. This linking creates a lineup on the hair that resembles a temporarily smooth surface, allowing combs and brushes to more easily glide through hair. Found primarily in shampoos, rinse-off and leave-in conditioners, and any product that claims to detangle the hair, these less-than-poetic-sounding ingredients are essential for having manageable hair. Typical quats on an ingredient list include guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, dicetyldimonium chloride, dihydrogenated tallow benzylmonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, behenalkonium betaine, benzalkonium chloride, quaternium 18, stearalkonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride, and many more.
Categories: Uncategorized

Best

Quercetin

Bioflavonoid ingredient from plants. Quercetin occurs naturally in red wine, tea, onions, kale, tomatoes, berries, and many other fruits and vegetables, with the highest concentrations found in the leaves and skins. It functions as an antioxidant, skin-soothing agent, and restorative ingredient. Quercetin is present in some herbal ingredients, too, including St. John’s wort and Ginkgo biloba.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Quercus

Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Quercus Infectoria Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Quillaja Extract

Extract of the Chilean soap bark tree. It contains a good amount of saponins, which have cleansing and water-binding properties for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Poor

Quince Seed

Used as a thickening agent in cosmetics, but also has astringent properties and may cause skin sensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Texture Enhancer

Good

Quinoa Oil

Derived from quinoa grain, It may have emollient properties for skin, but there is little research showing this to be the case.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Rapeseed Oil

Nonfragrant oil that has emollient and potential antioxidant properties for skin and is a rich source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Best

Raphanus Sativus (Radish) Seed Oil

Raphanus sativus (radish) seed oil is non-fragrant plant oil that’s a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Antioxidants

Good

Raspberry Seed Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Raspberry Seed Oil

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Red 27 Lake

Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Red 28

Red 28 is a synthetic coloring agent that uses a combination of colors to create its red hue.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Red 33

Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Red 6 Lake

Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Red 7 Lake

Red 7 lake is a synthetic coloring agent approved for use in drugs and cosmetics.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Best

Red Algae

Categories: Antioxidants, Texture Enhancer, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Red Clover

Can have antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Reducing Agent

Versatile ingredient composed of several non-volatile alcohols. Functions as a skin-replenishing agent, emulsifier, solvent, and surfactant.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Best

Resveratrol

Potent polyphenolic antioxidant abundant in red grapes and, therefore, in red wine.Applied topically, resveratrol helps protect skin’s surface and helps rebuff negative environmental influences. It also has significant skin-calming properties that may help minimize the look of redness.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Retinol

Retinol is a skin-restoring, wrinkle-smoothing, firming and pore-refining as well as an extraordinary antioxidant, allowing it to improve a variety of skin concerns, most related to premature aging and aging in general.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins, Skin-Restoring

Best

Retinyl Ascorbate

An ester of vitamin A (retinoic acid) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that functions as an antioxidant that seems to have a particular affinity for skin and its lipids, making it an effective topical option for improving skin's defense against environmental damage. This mix also shows greater stability in skin than when retinol or vitamin C are used alone.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Retinyl Palmitate

Combination of retinol (pure vitamin A) and the fatty acid palmitic acid. Research has shown it to be an effective antioxidant when applied to skin. You may be surprised to learn that retinyl palmitate is found naturally in our skin, where it works as an antioxidant, particularly in regard to helping protect skin from UV light exposure—though it does not replace the need for sunscreen.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Restoring, Vitamins

Best

Retinyl Retinoate

Synthetic, new generation retinol with research showing its usefulness for restoring and improving signs of aging in skin. Retinyl retinoate has been shown, in limited but promising research (most coming from the same team of Korea-based researchers), to be less sensitizing than retinoic acid (prescription-strength) and cosmetic retinol. Retinyl retinoate may be less sensitizing than pure retinol because of its slower conversion in skin to retinoic acid. However, when it comes to sensitivity from retinol, there’s much that can be done using time-release delivery systems and ingredient additions to maximize its benefits to skin while minimizing, if not eliminating, its risk of sensitivity.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Vitamins

Best

Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract

The extract of the plant Rhodiola rosea, also known as Arctic root or golden root, that is high in antioxidants and flavonoids.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Riboflavin

Categories: Vitamins

Good

Rice Bran Oil

Emollient oil similar to other non-fragrant plant oils. Research has not shown that it has any superior benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Rice Oil

Emollient similar to other nonfragrant plant oils. There is no research showing this has any superior benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Rice Starch

Absorbent substance sometimes included in products rather than talc. Rice starch has a drier finish than talc, and is sometimes used in high amounts in powders meant for those with very oily skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Absorbent

Good

Ricinoleate

Glyceryl triester used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.
Categories: Texture Enhancer

Good

Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Poor

Robinia Pseudacacia Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Rosa Canina

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Rosa Centifolia

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Rosa Centifolia Flower

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Poor

Rosa Damascena Oil

Oil of a very fragrant pink rose used as fragrance in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Rosa Eglanteria

Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Poor

Rosa Gallica Flower Extract

Fragrant extract.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Rosa Mosqueta

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Rosa Roxburghii Extract

Extract from the chestnut rose; can be a source of antioxidants for skin, and does not impart fragrance.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Rosa Rubiginosa

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Poor

Rose Flower

Highly fragrant substance that can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Rose Flower Oil

Fragrant, volatile oil that can aggravate skin. There’s no research showing this has any benefit for skin, although components of rose can have soothing and antioxidant effects on skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Rose Hip

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Rose Hip Oil

Non-fragrant emollient plant oil that has antioxidant properties and is a rich source of skin-beneficial fatty acids.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Rosemary Extract

Extract that can have antioxidant benefit for skin, but its aromatic components can cause sensitivity. However, in most skincare products the amount of rosemary extract is unlikely to be a risk, and rosemary extract is much less of a problem for skin than rosemary oil because the extract usually doesn’t contain much, if any, of rosemary oil’s volatile fragrance components.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Rosemary Oil

Fragrant plant oil derived from rosemary (Latin name Rosmarinus officinalis). This ingredient is used primarily as a fragrance in cosmetics, but the volatile chemicals that give it its fragrance (camphor is among them) are also capable of causing sensitivity when applied to skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Rose Oil

Fragrant, volatile oil that can aggravate skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Rosewood Oil

Fragrant plant oil with a spicy-sweet scent, also known as bois de rose. Extracted from wood chips from a species of evergreen tree, rosewood oil contains several volatile fragrance chemicals, including camphene, geranial, geraniol, limonene, linalool, myrcene, and neral. Rosewood oil is used chiefly as a fragrance and flavoring ingredient; there’s no research pertaining to its benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Average

Royal Jelly

The myriad claims about royal jelly are anecdotal and have no research to substantiate them.
Categories: Uncategorized

Best

Rubus Chamaemorus (Cloudberry) Fruit Extract

Rubus chamaemorus (also known as cloudberry) is a plant grown primarily in Scandinavian countries whose golden-red berries are rich sources of anthocyanins, beta-carotene, and vitamin E.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Rubus Idaeus

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract

Red raspberry gets its red color from the presence of antioxidant compounds known as anthocyanins.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Rubus Occidentalis

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Rubus Ursinus

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Rubus Ursinus X Idaeus

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Rubus Villoscus

The Latin name for blackberry fruit extract. This plant extract has antioxidant ability that stems from its phenolic acid content. Antioxidant components of blackberry fruit include ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin, among many others. As with all berries, blackberries are a brilliant source of naturally-occurring antioxidants that benefit skin when applied topically (Sources: Journal of Zhejiang University, February 2012, pages 94-102; Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, ePublication, December 8, 2011; and www.naturaldatabase.com).
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Average

Ruscus Aculeatus

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Rutin

Bioflavonoid that is extracted from various plants and used in cosmetics as an antioxidant and emollient.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients

Good

Saccharide Isomerate

Water-binding agent and emollient, particularly helpful for dry skin. Research indicates it has an affinity for soothing and strengthening skin’s barrier, while delivering long-lasting hydration.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Saccharides

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Average

Saccharomyces Calcium Ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of calcium ions. It has no known benefit for skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Average

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Saccharomyces, from the Latin, literally means sugar fungus, and is the scientific name for the yeasts used in fermentation, specifically baker’s yeast. Cosmetic ingredient manufacturers extol this yeast as having significant properties for skin, but there is little independent research supporting its use. However, some extracts of yeast, such as beta-glucan (a potent antioxidant) are derived from yeast.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Average

Saccharomyces Copper Ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of copper ions. There is no known benefit for skin, though it may have antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Saccharomyces Iron Ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of iron ions.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Saccharomyces Lysate

Saccharomyces lysate is a probiotic yeast obtained by fermentation.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Saccharomyces Magnesium Ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of magnesium ions.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Saccharomyces Manganese Ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of manganese ions.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Saccharomyces Officinarum Ferment

Derived from the sugarcane plant. Glycolic acid is also derived from sugarcane, but sugarcane extract does not have the same exfoliating properties as glycolic acid. There is no research showing that sugarcane extract has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Average

Saccharomyces Potassium Ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of potassium ions.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Saccharomyces Selenium Ferment

An ingredient created by the fermentation of the Saccharomyces yeast with the mineral selenium.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Saccharomyces Silicon Ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of silicon ions.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Saccharomyces Zinc Ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of zinc ions.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Safflower Seed Oil

Emollient oil derived from the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) plant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Average

Sage Extract

Plant used most often to enhance the flavor of foods. Like all plant extracts, sage contains components that function as antioxidants. There is some potential for sensitivity with sage extracts, but the risk is relatively low at the amounts used in topical skincare products.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Salicin

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Salicylic Acid

Oil-soluble exfoliating ingredient that gently helps slough off dead skin cells and unclogs pores, for softer, smoother texture and tone.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Anti-Acne, Exfoliant

Good

Salix Alba Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Salix Nigra (Willow) Bark Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Salvia Hispanica (Chia) Seed Oil

Non-fragrant plant oil whose seeds are a rich source of fatty acids, including omega-3 (as alpha-linoleic acid) plus unsaturated fatty acids linolenic and palmitic acids.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing, Skin-Restoring

Poor

Salvia Officinalis

Categories: Plant Extracts, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents

Good

Sambucus Canadensis

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Sambucus Cerulea

Blue elderberry. May have antioxidant properties for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Sambucus Nigra

Also known as black elderberry or Sambucus nigra, this plant has potent antioxidant properties due to the flavonoid compounds naturally present. Elderberry has skin-soothing effects.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Sambucus Nigra (Elderberry) Fruit Extract

Sambucus nigra is a dark purple to black shrub-growing berry with potent antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Sandalwood Oil

Fragrant oil (Latin name Santalum album) that can cause skin sensitivity, especially when used in pure concentrations. Sandalwood oil is a must to avoid if you have extra-sensitive skin or normally react to fragrance.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Average

Santalum Album Seed Extract

Latin name for sandalwood extract, which is used in cosmetics as a fragrance. It can have antioxidant properties. It also can be a skin sensitizer (Sources: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, July 2000, pages 23–43).
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Sapindus Mukurossi Peel Extract

A plant extract that is a natural source of saponin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Saponaria Officinalis Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Cleansing Agents

Good

Saponin

Group of natural carbohydrates, found in plants, and have been shown to have skin-soothing and antioxidant properties (Sources: Fitoterapia, July 2002, page 336; and Drug Metabolism and Drug Interaction, 2000, volume 17, issue 1-4, pages 211–235).
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Sarcosine

A synthetic amino acid derivative that functions as a skin conditioning and oil-control agent and may play a role in enhancing the penetration of other ingredients.
Categories: Hydration

Good

Sargassum Filipendula Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Sausurrea Oil

Also called costus oil. Volatile oil and fragrant component used in cosmetics; it can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Average

Saxifraga Sarmentosa Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts

Best

Schisandra Chinensis (Magnolia) Fruit Extract

Also known as five flavor fruit and Chinese magnolia vine, magnolia fruit is a small red berry loaded with beneficial compounds.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Sclareolide

Fermented from clary sage and used as a fragrant component in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Sclerocarya Birrea

More commonly known as marula oil, Sclerocarya birrea oil is a non-fragrant plant oil that's a rich source of fatty acids for skin, including palmitic and stearic acids.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Sclerotium Gum

A plant-derived, gel-like polysaccharide (sugar-based) ingredient that’s used in cosmetics to thicken and stabilize formulas. It is considered safe as used in cosmetics, and is similar to xanthan gum.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract

Scutellaria baicalensis root extract comes from a flowering plant native to China.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Sd Alcohol

Categories: Sensitizing

Poor

Sd Alcohol 40-2

Denatured alcohol used as a solvent. It can be drying to skin when one of the main ingredients in a cosmetic product. Lesser amounts are not cause for concern.
Categories: Sensitizing

Best

Sea Buckthorn

Also known as seaberry, sea buckthorn is a good source of vitamin C as well as various B vitamins, and vitamin E.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Seamollient

Trade name for an algae extract.
Categories: Antioxidants, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Average

Sea Salt

Can be effective as a topical scrub, but if left on skin, it can increase the risk of a sensitized reaction.
Categories: Scrub Agents, Sensitizing

Good

Seaweed

Group of sea plants (scientific name: algae) of all sizes and shapes, and having a gelatin-like consistency. Many seaweeds have antioxidant and skin-soothing properties, but many other claims of benefits are not proven or only apply to the plant as it exists in its natural environment, not mixed into a cosmetic product.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Sea Whip Extract

Extract from a creature (Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae) that inhabits coral reefs, known for its skin-soothing properties, which makes it useful for all skin types, especially sensitive or redness-prone skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing

Good

Sebacic Acid

Used as a pH adjuster.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Selenium

Mineral considered to be a potent antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Serenoa Serrulata Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Sericin

Scientific name for silk protein.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Serine

An amino acid used as a conditioning agent. It is known to increase skin's elasticity and retain moisture.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Sesamum Indicum

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil

Sesame oil is a non-fragrant plant oil that is a good source of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats along with vitamin E and lignans.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Sesquioleate

Used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Shea Butter

Shea butter is a plant lipid extracted from the karite tree that is used as an emollient in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Antioxidants

Average

Siegesbeckia Orientalis

Chinese herb (also known as St. Paul’s wort) for which there is no research showing that it has any benefit for skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Silanetriol

A silicone-derived synthetic ingredient that helps improve formulary esthetics. It may also enhance the penetration of other key ingredients.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Silica

Mineral found abundantly in sandstone, clay, and granite, as well as in parts of plants and animals. Silica can also be produced synthetically and is used as an absorbent powder and thickening agent in cosmetics. Certain forms of silica can improve even distribution of pigments in cosmetics and prevents them from settling in makeup.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Absorbent

Good

Silica Dimethyl Silylate

Used as a slip and suspending agent.
Categories: Silicones, Slip Agents

Good

Silica Silylate

Silica silylate works as a binder, thickening agent, and emollient in cosmetics.
Categories: Emollients, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Silicate

Inorganic salt that has potent absorbing and thickening properties.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Absorbent

Good

Silicone

Substance derived from silica (sand is a silica). The unique fluid properties of silicone give it a great deal of slip, and in its various forms it can feel like silk on skin, impart emollience, and be a water-binding agent that holds up well, even when skin becomes wet. The research about silicones have proven them to be superior scar-healing ingredients, soothing agents, non-irritating, and uniquely effective delivery and suspending agents for a wide range of cosmetic ingredients.
Categories: Silicones, Slip Agents, Emollients

Good

Silk

Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Silk Powder

Synthetically derived powder used as an absorbent and slip agent.
Categories: Absorbent, Slip Agents

Best

Silk Protein

Silk proteins protect the skin moisture barrier by creating a shield to defend it against environmental aggressors. This helps seal in hydration and stabilize active ingredients so they can work harder. By replenishing your skin's barrier function, silk proteins reduce fine lines, smooth texture and improve skin firmness and elasticity.  Silk protein is a moisturizing, anti-aging, and pollution-protecting skincare ingredient that enhances your overall radiance and glow.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Siloxane

Categories: Silicones, Slip Agents, Emollients

Good

Silt

A sediment obtained from various bodies of water. Silt’s absorbent nature helps it function to absorb excess surface oil. Most types of silt contain a small amount (12% or less) or natural clay.
Categories: Absorbent

Poor

Silver

Metallic element that in cosmetics can have disinfecting properties; however, prolonged contact can turn skin grayish blue. Silver can be sensitizing to skin, and can cause silver toxicity.
Categories: Sensitizing

Average

Silver Chloride

An inorganic salt that has no known function in cosmetics.
Categories: Sensitizing

Best

Silver Tip White Tea Leaf Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Silybum Marianum (Milk Thistle) Fruit Extract

Silymarin marianum is a plant whose many components have pronounced antioxidant and skin-calming ability.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Silybum Marianum Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Silybum Marianum Seed Oil

Silybum marianum seed oil comes from the milk thistle plant.
Categories: Emollients, Antioxidants, Skin-Softening

Good

Simethicone

Mixture of dimethicone with silica; related to silicones, but used as an antifoaming agent.
Categories: Silicones, Slip Agents

Best

Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Skin-Replenishing Ingredients

These are skincare ingredients that help enrich skin’s surface, drenching it with revitalizing hydration and keeping it there.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Best

Skin-Restoring Ingredients

Skincare ingredients that nourish skin’s surface in a way that helps transform it on many levels to appear noticeably younger, with a renewed feeling of firmness, and a more even-looking complexion. With ongoing use, these ingredients also help improve dull skin tone and rough texture, plus soften the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles—including deep wrinkles. Well-researched examples of skin-restoring ingredients include retinol, niacinamide, peptides, linoleic and linolenic acids, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (found in green tea), and adenosine.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Restoring

Good

Skullcap Extract

Herbal extract from Scutellaria baicalensis that has antioxidant and soothing properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Slip Agent

Term used to describe a range of ingredients that help other ingredients spread over skin and penetrate into it. Slip agents also have humectant properties. Slip agents include butylene glycol, glycerin, polysorbates, and propylene glycol, to name a few. They are as basic to the world of skincare as water.
Categories: Slip Agents

Good

Slippery Elm Bark

Can be a skin-soothing ingredient.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Soap

True “soaps” are regulated by the Consumer Product Safety Commission and are not required to list their ingredients on the label. They are made up solely of fats and alkali. Many bar cleansers are not soaps, but contain synthetic detergent cleansing agents and various thickening agents that keep the bar in its bar form.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Sensitizing

Good

Soapberry Extract

Extract from the tree Sapindus saponaria. The berries contain a good amount of Saponins.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Soapwort

Plant from which is derived an extract with detergent cleansing properties.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Acetate

The sodium salt derived from acetic acid, it serves as a buffering agent when used in small amounts.
Categories: Uncategorized

Good

Sodium Acrylate/Acryloydimethyl Taurate Copolymer

Versatile synthetic polymer used as a suspending and thickening agent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Sodium Acrylates Copolymer

Sodium acrylates copolymer is a synthetic, acrylic-based polymer that functions in cosmetics as a texture enhancer, binder, and film-forming agent.
Categories: Film-Forming Agents, Texture Enhancer

Best

Sodium Ascorbate

Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate is a very stable, water-soluble and efficient form of vitamin C. Sodium ascorbyl phosphate functions as a powerful antioxidant on and within skin. When used in high concentrations, it can be effective for brightening dull skin tone, smoothing wrinkles, firming skin, and visibly reducing discolorations.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Vitamins, Antioxidants

Good

Sodium Benzoate

Salt of benzoic acid used as a preservative.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Sodium Bicarbonate

A synthetic inorganic salt more commonly known as baking soda. It has many functions in cosmetics, including pH adjuster, buffering agent, and abrasive, such as in face or body scrubs.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Scrub Agents

Average

Sodium Bisulfite

Used in acid-type permanent waves to alter the shape of hair. It is less damaging than alkaline permanent waves, but also has limitations regarding how much change it can effect in hair. It can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Sensitizing

Poor

Sodium Borate

Categories: Sensitizing

Poor

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate

Used primarily as a detergent cleansing agent, but is potentially drying and can aggravate skin. Can be derived from coconut. It’s tricky to include in formulas due to stability issues, but it does produce copious foam.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Sensitizing

Good

Sodium Carbomer

A blend of sodium (salt) and the gelling agent carbomer that functions as a stabilizer and film-forming agent.
Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Poor

Sodium Carbonate

Absorbent salt used in cosmetics; it can also be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Absorbent, Sensitizing

Good

Sodium Carboxymethyl Beta-Glucan

A carbohydrate ingredient with a gel-like texture, it functions as a binding agent and texture enhancer.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate

A mixture of stearyl and cetyl sulfate that funtions as a surfactant.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Chloride

More popularly known as common table salt. Used primarily as a binding agent in skincare products and occasionally as an abrasive in scrub products.
Categories: Scrub Agents

Best

Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate

Derived from natural mucopolysaccharides, it functions as a skin-softening agent.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Sodium Citrate

Used primarily to control the pH level of a product, this ingredient also has antioxidant and preservative properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Preservatives

Good

Sodium Cocoamphoacetate

Gentle cleansing agent derived from coconut fatty acids. It functions as a cleansing agent and can also have mild conditioning properties. It has a slight tendency to foam during use.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Poor

Sodium Cocoate

Used as a cleansing agent primarily in soaps. It can be drying and sensitizing for skin.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Sensitizing

Good

Sodium Cocoyl Amino Acids

The salt form of amino acids hydrolyzed from coconut. Can be used as a gentle surfactant and/or skin-replenishing ingredient.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate

Cleansing agent derived from coconut oil. This ingredient is also used to help soften (remove excess minerals from) hard water.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate

Sodium cocoyl glycinate is an amino acid-derived cleansing agent and skin-softening ingredient in skin care and hair care products.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Skin-Softening

Good

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate

Derived from coconut, a mild soap-free cleansing agent  known for its ability to mitigate disruption to skin’s barrier; compatible with sensitive skin.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Dehydroacetate

An organic salt used in low amounts as a preservative to prevent formulary spoilage.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Sodium Dilauramidoglutamide Lysine

Plant-derived ingredient that helps skin rejuvenate, while also functioning as a surfactant and emulsifier to keep the formula from separating. Its ceramide-like structure has a high affinity for skin.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Sodium Gluconate

The salt form of gluconic acid, a mild acid produced from the sugar glucose. It helps certain skin care ingredients bond with others in a formula.
Categories: Skin-Softening, Miscellaneous

Good

Sodium Hexametaphosphate

Salt with multiple functions in cosmetics. It can act as a detergent, an emulsifier, a texturizer, and a preservative that prevents metallic compounds from negatively affecting a product.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Preservatives, Cleansing Agents

Best

Sodium Hyaluronate

The salt form of hyaluronic acid. Like its sister ingredient, it’s considered an excellent moisturizer, helping skin retain water so it looks and feels smoother. It is more bioavailable than hyaluronic acid, meaning it is more readily absorbed by skin.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Antioxidants, Skin-Restoring

Best

Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer

A modified form of skin-replenishing hyaluronic acid attached to a polymer structure
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Film-Forming Agents, Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Average

Sodium Hydroxide

This ingredient is alkaline, meaning it is on the basic side of the pH range. It is used in small amounts in cosmetics to adjust their pH.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Sensitizing

Average

Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate

Amino acid derivative used as a skin-softening agent; can also function as a preservative.
Categories: Preservatives, Hydration

Good

Sodium Lactate

The sodium salt of lactic acid. Used primarily as a hydrating and buffering agent (to adjust a product’s pH value).
Categories: Miscellaneous

Average

Sodium Lactobionate

The salt of lactobionic acid, this ingredient is a white, crystalline powder used to synthesize other chemicals. May function as a preservative in skincare products. There is no research proving this ingredient exfoliates skin.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Sodium Laureth-13 Carboxylate

Used primarily as a detergent cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Laureth Sulfate

Safe, gentle, widely used cleansing agent known for its lathering/foaming effects. Can be derived from coconut.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Lauroamphoacetate

A coconut-derived gentle cleansing agent and foam booster.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate

A naturally derived ingredient that is used as an emulsifier and mild thickening agent in cosmetics. In higher concentrations, it functions as a surfactant.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents

Best

Sodium Lauroyl Oat Amino Acids

A skin-soothing salt created by condensing the chloride form of a fatty acid with amino acids derived from oats.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Skin-Soothing

Good

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate

Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate is a synthetic or plant-derived surfactant (cleansing agent) that also works as an emulsifier.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers

Good

Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate

A gentle cleansing agent that may be derived from coconut or made synthetically. Often used to improve the sensorial effects.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Poor

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

Versatile ingredient composed of several non-volatile alcohols. Functions primarily as a surfactant, but can also be used as a skin-conditioning agent, emulsifier, and solvent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents, Sensitizing

Good

Sodium Levulinate

Sodium levulinate is the salt of levulinic acid, a synthetic organic acid that helps condition and soften skin.
Categories: Skin-Softening, Preservatives

Average

Sodium Metabisulfite

Reducing agent that alters the structure of hair. It can also be used as a preservative in formulations, and can be a skin sensitizer. However, it can also be an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Preservatives, Sensitizing

Good

Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate

Mild surfactant derived from coconut; often used in cleansers when the desired effect is a creamy foam.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Methyl Taurate

Mild surfactant often combined with other cleansing agents.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Myreth Sulfate

Detergent cleansing agent similar to sodium laureth sulfate or ammonium laureth sulfate. It is used most often in shampoos and sometimes in facial or body cleansers. Along with many other cleansing agent, sodium myreth sulfate has been thoroughly evaluated and deemed safe as used in the amounts commonly found in cosmetic products. This cleansing agent is not known to be milder or safer for hair than lots of other cleansing agents.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Poor

Sodium Palmate

Soap ingredient created by the salts of acids derived from palm oil. May be naturally derived or synthetic. As a soap ingredient, it can be drying and is typically formulated at an alkaline pH.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sodium Palmitoyl Sarcosinate

Sodium palmitoyl sarcosinate is the salt of palmitoyl sarcosinate, which is derived from the amino acid derivative sarcosine.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Hydration

Poor

Sodium Palm Kernelate

Categories: Cleansing Agents

Best

Sodium Pca

Natural component of skin, PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) is also a very good hydrating agent. Sodium PCA also functions as a skin-replenishing ingredient.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Sodium Peg-7 Olive Oil Carboxylate

A mild surfactant formed by reacting fatty acids from olive oil esters with polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Sodium Phytate

The synthetic salt form of the antioxidant phytic acid. In this form, it works as a chelating agent, keeping metals from binding to water in cosmetics.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Sodium Polyacrylate

A versatile, synthetic polymer used as a film-forming agent, stabilizer, absorbent, thickening agent, and emollient.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Emollients, Absorbent

Good

Sodium Polyacrylate Starch

Sodium polyacrylate starch is a mixture of a natural starch combined with a synthetic acrylate polymer.
Categories: Absorbent, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Average

Sodium Salicylate

Salt form of salicylic acid (BHA). Because it is not the acid form of salicylate (i.e., salicylic acid), it does not have exfoliating properties.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Sodium Silicate

Highly alkaline and potentially sensitizing mineral used in cosmetics.
Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate

Sodium stearoyl glutamate is a synthetic or animal-derived ingredient that is added to cosmetics to condition skin or work as an emulsifier.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Hydration

Good

Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate

A synthetic or animal-derived ingredient (Paula’s Choice Skincare uses the former) that stabilizes the water phase of moisturizers and other skincare products that contain hydrating ingredients. Sodium stearoyl lactylate works via its interaction with proteins and starches, where it can also help modify a product’s texture.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Average

Sodium Sulfite

Reducing agent that alters the structure of hair. It can also be used as a preservative in cosmetic formulations, and can be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Preservatives, Sensitizing

Poor

Sodium Tallowate

Sodium salt of tallow.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Cleansing Agents

Poor

Sodium Thioglycolate

A synthetic ingredinet that functions as a reducing agent in cosmetics, most typically hair-removal lotions (depilatories). It can be sensitizing if left on skin for prolonged periods.
Categories: Sensitizing

Good

Sodium Trideceth Sulfate

Categories: Cleansing Agents

Average

Solanum Lycopersicum Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Good

Solanum Tuberosum Extract

Extract that is more commonly known as potato starch. Used as a thickening agent and texture enhancer in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Solvent

Large group of liquid ingredients, including water, that are used to dissolve or break down other ingredients, such as gases or solids, to form a solution.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Sonojell

Trade name for petrolatum.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Emollients

Best

Soothing Agent

Any ingredient that soothes and improves signs of sensitivity.Interestingly, most antioxidants function as soothing ingredients because one of the skin’s responses to environmental damage is sensitivity, visible signs of stress on skin's surface, and redness. These ingredients go a long way toward helping the skin deal with its daily struggle against environmental damage and seasonal environmental extremes.
Categories: Skin-Soothing

Good

Sorbeth-230 Tetraoleate

A complex mixture consisting primarily of fatty acid oleic acid and a sugar known as sorbitol. Works as a cleansing agent, thickener, and emulsifier.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Sorbic Acid

A preservative naturally derived from mountain ash berries or manufactured synthetically. Used in many products, including several foods, cosmetics and even in contact lens solutions.
Categories: Preservatives

Good

Sorbitan Isostearate

A very mild cleansing agent that also helps stabilize skin care formulas and keep oil- and water-based ingredients from separating.
Categories: Emulsifiers

Good

Sorbitan Laurate

Sorbitan laurate is an ester that works as a cleansing agent and emulsifier.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers

Good

Sorbitan Oleate

A synthetic or animal-derived ingredient used as an emulsifier and cleansing agent in cosmetics. Considered safe as used in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents

Good

Sorbitan Olivate

Sorbitan olivate is a mixture of the fatty acids from olive oil plus a sugar known as sorbitol.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers

Good

Sorbitan Sesquioleate

Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Sorbitan Stearate

An emulsifier used to thicken and stabilize cosmetics formulations.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Best

Sorbitol

Sorbitol is a type of sugar that can be created synthetically or derived from natural sources.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Hydration, Slip Agents

Best

Soy Extract

A natural, potent antioxidant, restoring, and soothing agent for skin that is derived from soybeans. Soy extract also has research showing it can improve the look of an uneven skin tone and visible signs of aging due to years of environmental exposure.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Soy Isoflavones

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Soy Oil

Soy oil is a non-fragrant plant oil with multiple uses for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Poor

Spearmint Oil

Fragrant, volatile oil that can cause skin sensitivity.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Spf

Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Sphingolipids

Sphingolipids are complex, long chain lipids (fats) that function as skin-replenishing and conditioning ingredients.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Spiraea Ulmaria (Meadowsweet) Extract

Spiraea ulmaria extract, commonly known as meadowsweet, is a plant whose various parts have been shown to calm factors in skin that lead to signs of irritation.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Spirulina

Categories: Antioxidants, Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Squalane

Squalane is a moisturizing ingredient that’s also a source of skin-replenishing fatty acids and antioxidants.
Categories: Hydration, Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Best

Squalene

Oil derived from shark liver or from plants (usually olives). Its derivative squalane is a natural component of skin and a good emollient that has antioxidant properties.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Good

St. John'S Wort

Plant that contains several components that can cause a negative reaction on skin when it is exposed to sunlight; however, this is a bigger concern when St. John's wort is taken orally. Like most plants, it's a rich source of antioxidants.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Poor

Star Anise

Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Steapyrium Chloride

Antistatic agent used in hair-care products.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Stearalkonium Chloride

Antistatic ingredient used in hair-care products to control flyaways and aid in helping a brush or comb get through hair. This ingredient is usually synthetic but can also be animal-derived.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Stearalkonium Hectorite

A powder derived from hectorite clay which is used in amounts up to 50% as a safe suspending agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Stearates

Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Steareth-20

Derived from the benign stearyl alcohol, it functions primarily as a surfactant but also adds stability to products, especially those containing active ingredients in a water-and-oil emulsion.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Stearic Acid

Fatty acid used as an emollient and emulsifier. It has been shown to protect skin's surface against water loss and help shore up skin's protective barrier. Stearic acid may be synthetic or animal-derived.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Stearyl Alcohol

A type of non-irritating fatty alcohol used to moisturize skin and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Stearyl Dimethicone

Stearyl dimethicone is a synthetyic skin-conditioning agent that's a siloxane polymer. It add opacity and a silky feel to cosmetic products. This ingredient is considered safe as used in cosmetics.
Categories: Silicones, Slip Agents

Best

Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate

The fatty acid oil-soluble form of the soothing licorice root-derived ingredient glycyrrhetinic acid. Typically used in amounts between 0.1–1%, which are considered safe.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Stearyl Methicone

Silicone polymer used as a skin-conditioning or occlusive agent.
Categories: Silicones, Emollients, Slip Agents

Good

Stearyl Stearate

A plant-based wax prepared with natural fatty acids combined with synthetic fatty alcohols.
Categories: Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Styrax Benzoin

Categories: Preservatives

Good

Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer

Synthetic polymer.
Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Good

Sucrose

Monosaccharide that has hydrating properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Replenishing, Hydration

Good

Sucrose Cocoate

Versatile, gentle, coconut-derived cleansing agent, foam booster, texture enhancer, and emollient used in both rinse-off and leave-on products.
Categories: Emollients, Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Good

Sucrose Stearate

Sucrose stearate is an ester of stearic acid and sugar that works as an emollient and cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emollients, Emulsifiers

Average

Sugarcane Extract

Ingredients like sugarcane extract, fruit extracts, mixed fruit extracts, and milk solids may claim an association with AHAs, but they are not the same thing nor do they have the same beneficial effect on skin. While glycolic acid can indeed be derived from sugarcane, if you assume that sugarcane will net you the same result as glycolic acid, that would be like assuming you could write on a tree the way you can write on paper.
Categories: Plant Extracts

Good

Sulfates

In cosmetics, this large group of ingredients is used mainly as cleansing agents in skincare and hair-care products; they include sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, and sodium laureth sulfate. Many consumers are concerned of sulfates in their cosmetics products because of widespread misinformation. Sulfates are not a problem, but once organizations and companies build up fears among consumers about certain cosmetics ingredients there’s almost no going back, the damage is done.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Poor

Sulfur

Can be a potent skin sensitizer. Sulfur also has a high pH, which can encourage the growth of bacteria on skin.Sulfur has more negatives than positives for skin, and its use to treat skin concerns should be seen as a last resort if other ingredients (such as benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, and salicylic acid) don't work as well as you had hoped.
Categories: Sensitizing

Best

Sunflower Seed Oil

Non-volatile plant oil used as an emollient in cosmetics.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Best

Sun Protection Factor

Most commonly seen as SPF followed by a number, it is a rating system assigned to a product that identifies the amount of time it can protect the skin from sunburn or from turning pink or red when exposed to sun. In the United States, SPF ratings are regulated by the Fod & Drug Administration. Because sunburn results from UVB radiation, not UVA radiation, SPF is primarily a measure of UVB protection; however, sunscreens rated for broad spectrum protection can protect from UVA rays, too.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Superoxide Dismutase

Enzyme considered a potent antioxidant in humans.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Surfactant

Short term for surface active agent. Surfactants degrease and emulsify oils and fats and suspend soil, allowing them to be washed away. Surfactants are used in most forms of cleansers and many are considered gentle and effective for most skin types. There are several types of surfactants that can be drying and sensitizing for skin. When those are the main ingredients in a facial cleanser, body wash, or shampoo, they should be avoided; the most common among drying, sensitizing surfactants is sodium lauryl sulfate. The similar-sounding ingredient sodium laureth sulfate is fine.
Categories: Cleansing Agents

Good

Sweet Almond

Most often used in its oil form, this ingredient is expressed from almonds. Also used as an extract, protein, powder, and various forms that utilize fatty acids from almond oil. The non-fragrant oil is considered safe for use and functions as an emollient.
Categories: Emollients, Plant Extracts

Good

Sweet Almond Oil

An emollient oil rich in nutrients among which Vitamin E, Omega-3 fatty acids and Zinc. Thanks to its anti-inflammatory and hydrating properties, it helps reducing puffiness and dark circles while improving the overall appearance of the complexion and skin tone.
Categories: Emollients

Poor

Symphytum Officinale Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Synthetic Beeswax

A synthetic (hence the name) form of beeswax composed of a mixture of alcohol esters.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Synthetic Fluorophlogopite

Synthetic fluorophlogopite is a synthetic mineral material used in cosmetics to add bulk and to thicken emulsions.
Categories: Thickeners, Texture Enhancer

Good

Synthetic Wax

A wax derived from a mixture of various oils. It functions as a binding and stabilizing agent.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Szechuan Peppercorn

From a plant native to Szechuan Province in China. It grows on trees, and so differs from black pepper, which grows on climbing vines. Used extensively in Szechuan cooking, Szechuan pepper is known for the “numbing” sensation it produces on the tongue.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Average

Talc

Naturally occurring mineral composed of magnesium, hydrogen, oxygen, and silicon which combine to form what’s known as anhydrous (contains no water) magnesium silicate. Talc is often the main ingredient in loose and pressed face powders, powder foundations, and body powders for adults and children. It may also be used in skin care products where it serves as an absorbent. Talc is also used in some liquid foundations and concealers, where it adds opacity and contributes to the makeup’s texture.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Tallow

Tallow is a substance extracted from the fatty deposits of animals, especially from suet (the fat of cattle and sheep). Tallow is often used to make candles and soap. When used as a main ingredient in the latter, it can leave a skin-dulling, pore-clogging residue on skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Tamanu Oil

From a tree native to Polynesia, all of the miraculous claims attributed to it are hinged on anecdotal, not scientific, evidence.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Hydration, Plant Extracts

Average

Tanacetum Parthenium

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Tangerine Oil

Latin name Citrus reticulata, this fragrant, volatile citrus oil can be a skin sensitizer. Tangerine’s chief sensitizer potential comes from the fragrance chemical limonene.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Tannic Acid

Polyphenol ingredient that's considered a very good antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Tapioca Starch

A natural thickener and texture enhancer derived from the roots of the Manihot esculenta (Cassava) shrub. It consists primarily of amylose and amylopectin, both components of starch and what gives tapioca its thickening properties.
Categories: Thickeners, Texture Enhancer

Best

Tartaric Acid

Tartaric acid is a naturally-occurring crystalline organic acid found in many plants, including grapes and tamarinds.
Categories: Exfoliant

Good

Tea

Categories: Miscellaneous

Poor

Tea-Lauryl Sulfate

Cleansing agent that's potentially drying, particularly when it’s the primary cleansing ingredient where the concentration is likely to exceed 10.5%. This cleansing agent is used far less often than ammonium or sodium sulfates or their derivatives. TEA-lauryl sulfate may be plant-derived or synthetic.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Sensitizing, Cleansing Agents

Good

Tea Tree Oil

Also known as Melaleuca, from the name of its native Australian plant source, Melaleuca alternifolia.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid

Categories: Sunscreen Actives

Best

Terminalia Chebula Fruit Extract

Terminalia chebula is an Ayurvedic plant extract that’s native to South Asia, where it’s known as “The King of Medicine”.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Tetradibutyl Pentaerithrityl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate

Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate

Form of vitamin C that protects skin from oxidative damage and collagen breakdown.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Tetrahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin

Antioxidant and skin-soothing plant extract.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Tetrahydrobisdemethoxydiferuloylmethane

A synthetic antioxidant derived from curcumin.
Categories: Antioxidants

Best

Tetrahydrodemethoxycurcumin

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Tetrahydrodemethoxydiferuloylmethane

A synthetic antioxidant that provides the beneficial effects of the natural antioxidant curcumin. Known collectively as curcuminoids, these compounds exert a skin-soothing benefit.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Tetrahydrodiferuloylmethane

Antioxidant and skin-soothing plant extract.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Best

Tetrahydromethoxycurcumin

Antioxidant and skin-soothing plant extract.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Good

Tetrahydroxypropyl Ethylenediamine

Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Tetrapeptide-30

Tetrapeptide-30 is a peptide that targets the appearance of discolorations and uneven skin tone.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Good

Tetrasodium Edta

Chelating agent used to prevent minerals present in formulations from bonding to other ingredients.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Tetrasodium Etidronate

Used as a chelating agent in cosmetics to prevent varying mineral components from binding together and negatively affecting the formulation.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate

A safe synthetic chelating agent with natural origins. Used in amounts up to 1% to boost the effectiveness of preservatives, allowing for the use of lower amounts than is typical without compromising effectiveness.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter

Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Thiamine Hcl

Vitamin B1. There is no research showing this to be effective when applied topically on skin.
Categories: Vitamins

Good

Thickening Agent

Substances that can have a soft to hard wax-like texture or a creamy, emollient feel, and that can be great lubricants. There are literally thousands of ingredients in this category that give each and every lotion, cream, lipstick, foundation, and mascara, as well as other cosmetics products, their distinctive feel and form. The various combinations of thickeners play a large role in whether or not you prefer one product over another.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Best

Thioctic Acid

An enzyme that, when applied topically, offers beneficial antioxidant properties to help overcome aging factors and visible signs sun damage.
Categories: Antioxidants

Average

Thiodipropionic Acid

Acid-based synthetic antioxidant. There is no research pertaining to its benefit for skin, but in theory, and when stably packaged, it should exert an antioxidant effect when applied topically.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Thiotaurine

Amino acid. Potentially, it can have antioxidant properties for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Threonine

An amino acid known for its moisturizing, protective, healing, skin-replenishing, and anti-ageing properties. 
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Average

Thyme Extract

Extract derived from the leaf or flower of the thyme plant. It can have potent antioxidant properties. Its fragrant component can also cause skin sensitivity, but thyme extract’s beneficial components can benefit skin. Generally speaking, thyme extract should not be one of the chief antioxidants in skincare products; however, in lower amounts and mixed with other antioxidants, it can be a beneficial addition.
Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Thyme Oil

Plant oil (Latin name Thymus vulgaris) that is a source of potent antioxidants, but its fragrant components (which are part of the oil itself) pose a risk of sensitivity. For this reason, products with thyme extract are a safer bet in terms of getting the “good” antioxidants from thyme without the volatile fragrance components that, while also being antioxidants, may also harm skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Average

Thymus Hydrolysate

Form of animal thymus derived by acid, enzyme, or other methods of hydrolysis. It can have hydrating properties for skin, but has no other special or unique benefit.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Hydration

Poor

Thymus Serpillum Extract

Extract of wild thyme.
Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Average

Thymus Vulgaris

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Thymus Vulgaris Oil

Thymus vulgaris oil is more commonly known as thyme oil.
Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Best

Tilia Cordata

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Titanium Dioxide

A versatile ingredient that serves several functions in cosmetics, this earth mineral is perhaps best known as a sunscreen active that’s gentle enough even for skin prone to redness and sensitivity.
Categories: Sunscreen Actives, Coloring Agents/Pigments, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Best

Tocopherol

One of four forms of vitamin E. It can be naturally or synthetically derived. Regardless of its origin, tocopherol has potent oil-soluble antioxidant properties and can help defend skin from pollution and environmental stressors.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Tocopherol Acetate

Tocopherol acetate is a type of Vitamin E. It offers significant antioxidant anti-inflammatory benefits for skin. This includes defending skin from pollution and other environmental aggressors that lead to signs of aging and weaken the skin moisture barrier. Tocopherol Acetate also helps keep delicate ingredients in cosmetics stable for longer. Vitamin E, in fact, is often paired with pure vitamin C for this purpose.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Tocopheryl Acetate

Tocopherol acetate is a type of Vitamin E. It offers significant antioxidant anti-inflammatory benefits for skin. This includes defending skin from pollution and other environmental aggressors that lead to signs of aging and weaken the skin moisture barrier. Tocopherol Acetate also helps keep delicate ingredients in cosmetics stable for longer. Vitamin E, in fact, is often paired with pure vitamin C for this purpose.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Tocopheryl Lineolate

Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Tocotrienols

Potent forms of vitamins E that are considered stable and powerful antioxidants, as well as skin-soothing agents. These forms of vitamin E are usually derived from rice bran or wheat germ.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Average

Tomato Extract

Extract that has weak antioxidant properties. Tomatoes contain lycopene, which is a significant antioxidant, but it is more bioavailable from tomato paste than from fresh tomatoes. It can also be a potential skin sensitizer depending on what part of the tomato is used, but there is no way to know that from an ingredient label.
Categories: Antioxidants, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Tormentil Extract

Plant that can be irritating due to its tannin content, which causes skin constriction.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Tragacanth

Natural gum used as a thickener in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Best

Tranexamic Acid

Discoloration-fading ingredient that interrupts multiple pathways in skin that would otherwise lead to uneven tone. Excellent for dark spots and brown/gray patches.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Trehalose

A water-binding plant sugar that has hydrating properties for skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Hydration

Best

Tremella Fuciformis Sporocarp Extract

Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Tribehenin

A mixture of skin-replenishing glycerin and a fatty acid known as behenic acid that conditions skin and helps prevent moisture loss. May be plant-derived or synthetic.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Skin-Replenishing, Emollients

Good

Tribehenin Peg-20 Esters

A complex mixture of tribehenin and PEG-20, this ingredient has multiple functions in cosmetic products, including emollient, surfactant, and emulsifier.
Categories: Emulsifiers, Cleansing Agents, Emollients

Good

Tricaprylin

Mixture of glycerin and caprylic acid. Has emollient properties and is used as a skin-softening agent.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Trideceth-12

Trideceth-12 is a synthetic mixture of a fatty alcohol (tridecyl alcohol) and polyethylene glycol that functions as an emulsifier and cleansing agent.
Categories: Cleansing Agents, Emulsifiers

Good

Trideceth-6

An emulsifier, meaning it helps keep unlike ingredients (such as oil and water) from separating in an emulsion. The independent Cosmetics Ingredient Review has determined trideceth-6, as used in cosmetics, is safe.
Categories: Emulsifiers

Good

Tridecyl Salicylate

Salt form of salicylic acid (BHA). When it is no longer an acid (as in this case), salicylic acid no longer has exfoliating properties. this synthetic ingredient functions as a skin-softening agent.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Tridecyl Stearate

Offers skin conditioning and emollient properties. Can also be included in formulas as a thickening agent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Tridecyl Trimellitate

Skin-softening agent and texture enhancer that can provide a cushiony, emollient feel.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Hydration, Skin-Softening

Good

Triethanolamine

Used in cosmetics as a pH balancer and emulsion stabilizer. Like all amines, it has the potential for creating nitrosamines. There’s controversy as to whether or not this poses a real problem for skin, given the low concentrations used in cosmetics and the theory that nitrosamines cannot penetrate skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Emulsifiers

Good

Triethoxycaprylylsilane

Silicone that functions as a binding agent and emulsifier.
Categories: Silicones, Slip Agents

Good

Triethoxycaprylylsilane Crosspolymer

A silicone polymer used to enhance a product's texture.
Categories: Silicones, Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Good

Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Hexyl Dimethicone

A silicone polymer that has multiple functions in cosmetic products, including skin and hair softening and as a texture enhancer.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Triethylhexanoin

Triethylhexanoin is a synthetic mixture of glycerin and a fatty acid that functions as a solvent, occlusive, and skin-conditioning ingredient.
Categories: Emollients

Best

Trifolium Pratense Flower Extract

Also known as Red Clover Extract. This ingredient has shown to promote healthy hair growth, strengthen hair follicles, sooth inflammation and root conditions.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Triglyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Average

Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seed Extract

Latin name for the fenugreek plant. The seeds are used most often, and their fiber content helps thicken and contribute bulk to products. According to studies presetned on the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, fenugreek contains compounds known as coumarins, and in pure concentration, these compounds may cause sensitivity when applied to skin.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Good

Trihydroxystearin

A mixture of glycerin and castor oil-derived fatty acids that is used in amounts between 1–7% as an emollient and thickening agent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Triisocetyl Citrate

A trimester of the fatty alcohol isocetyl alcohol and citric acid. It is used as on occlusive agent.
Categories: Emollients

Good

Triisostearin

Helps improve product texture by adding a cushiony feel and smooth application that sets to a hydrated, glossy finish.
Categories: Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Trilaurin

Group of ingredients that are triesters of glycerin and aliphatic acids, and known generically as glyceryl triesters. These are used in cosmetic products as thickening agents and emollients.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Best

Trimethylsiloxyamodimethicone

Trimethylsiloxyamodimethicone is a synthetic silicone-based polymer that functions as a conditioning agent, hydrating and smoothing skin’s surface due to its lightweight yet silky, non-greasy feel.
Categories: Hydration, Texture Enhancer

Good

Trimethylsiloxysilicate

Used as a skin-softening and occlusive agent.
Categories: Silicones, Slip Agents, Skin-Softening, Emollients

Good

Trioclanolin

Derived from lanolin and used as a texture enhancer, most commonly in powder-based products such as eyeshadows and powder blush where it works to help make application smoother and more even.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Trioctanoin

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients

Good

Trioctyldodecyl Citrate

Mixture of octyldodecanol and citric acid used as a skin-softening agent and emollient.
Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening

Best

Tripeptide-1

Tripeptide-1, aka GHK (glycine, histidine, lysine - the amino acids that comprise it), is a synthetic signal peptide that teaches skin to rebuild damaged areas.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Best

Tripeptide-29

Tripeptide-29 is a synthetic peptide consisting of amino acids glycine and proline plus hydroxyproline (an amino acid derivative) shown to improve uneven texture and the look of fine lines.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Hydration

Good

Tripeptide-32

A synthetic peptide with the "tri" (meaning three) designation referring to this peptide's mix of the amino acids proline, serine, and threonine.
Categories: Skin-Restoring

Good

Tripleurospermum Maritimum Extract

Also known as false mayweed or sea mayweed, this plant extract encompasses the entire plant. Raw material research from the supplier has conclusively shown that when this plant extract is applied to skin, it hydrates, calms, and softens. Tripleurospermum maritimum extract is a rich source of amino acids and fructose.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Good

Trisodium Edta

Used as a water-softening and chelating agent (a compound that binds and separates metals, keeping them from bonding to other ingredients).
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Extract

Extract from the germ portion of the wheat plant. In cosmetics, this ingredient functions as a skin-softening and hair-conditioning agent. As its derived from wheat, it's a source of the protein gluten.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Softening

Good

Triticum Vulgare Germ Oil

Non-fragrant plant oil that imparts emollience and delivers beneficial compounds including skin-replenishing squalane.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Softening, Emollients

Best

Troxerutin

A flavonoid ingredient that's extracted from the Japanese plant Sophora japonica.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Tryptophan

Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Best

Turmeric

Turmeric is a spice made from the dried, ground root of the Curcuma longa plant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Ubiquinone

Also known as coenzyme Q10 or CoQ10, this ingredient is found naturally in the body. It serves as an antioxidant and helps energize factors in the body that can slow with both age and sun exposure, leading to younger, healthier looking skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Good

Ulmus Fulva Bark Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Good

Ultramarines

Inorganic, synthetic pigments (of various colors) permanently listed by the FDA for external use only, including deemed safe for use around the eye area. Some sources of ultramarines are mineral, but the process of turning the raw mineral into various ultramarine pigments means it's no longer a natural ingredient. That's actually a good thing, because raw minerals extracted from the earth can contain heavy metals that pose a health risk.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Ulva Lactuca Extract

Extract from the plant known as sea lettuce, it has some skin-soothing and antioxidant properties for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Average

Uncaria Tomentosa Extract

Also known as cat’s claw, there is some research showing it to be an effective skin-soothing and antioxidant.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Skin-Soothing

Best

Undaria Pinnatifida (Algae) Extract

Undaria pinnatifida, also known as brown algae, is a type of seaweed that’s also edible.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts, Hydration, Skin-Soothing

Good

Urea

Component of urine, although synthetic versions are used in cosmetics. In small amounts, urea has beneficial water-binding and mild exfoliating properties for skin. In larger concentrations it can cause sensitivity, though large amounts can also exfoliate skin.
Categories: Exfoliant, Hydration, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Urtica Dioica Water Extract

It is a flowering perennial plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. It contains a wide range of constituents, including vitamins, minerals, and other phytochemicals. It helps hair re-growth and strengthens and restores hair follicles.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Uva

Ultraviolet A radiation. The sun produces a range of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, of which UVA and UVB affect our skin. UVA rays have wavelengths of 320 to 400 nanometers; UVB rays have wavelengths of 290 to 320 nanometers. UVB radiation causes sunburn, while UVA radiation does not produce any visible short-term evidence of skin damage. Nonetheless, UVA radiation creates serious cumulative changes in skin that may be far greater than the sunburn caused by UVB radiation. Research has shown that unprotected exposure to UVA rays can, within one week, create distinct injury.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Best

Uva Ursi Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Uvb

Ultra-violet B radiation.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Va/Crotonates Copolymer

Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Best

Vaccinium Macrocarpon Fruit Extract

Latin term for cranberry.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Vaccinium Myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruit Extract

Bilberry is one of the best sources of antioxidant compounds known as anthocyanins.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea (Lingonberry) Fruit Extract

Vaccinium vitis-idaea (also known as lingonberry) is a wild-growing Scandinavian-native berry that’s similar in nutrient profile and size with its plant “cousin”, blueberry.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Vaccinum Angustifolium (Blueberry) Fruit Extract

Blueberry fruit extract is rich in antioxidants, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Valine

A skin restoring amino acid which can help strengthen the skin natural barrier as well as locking in water and keeping it hydrated.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing

Good

Vanilla Planifolia Fruit Extract

Vanilla planifolia fruit extract is a natural ingredient used in skin care primarily for its antioxidant benefits. The vanilla plant’s seed, commonly referred to as vanilla bean, is a source of catechins (also known as polyphenols), which have antioxidant activity and serve as skin-soothing agents.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Verbena Extract

According to the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database online, verbena is a fragrant plant extract that can be a skin sensitizer when applied topically or consumed orally; however, like most plants, it's also a rich source of antioxidants and contains compounds that also provide various health benefits.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Poor

Vetiver Oil Or Extract

Fragrant component in skincare products that can also be a skin sensitizer.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts

Good

Vinyl Dimethicone/Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer

A blend of silicone polymers that functions as a thickening agent and texture enhancer. Typically used in amounts between 0.1–20%, with amounts up to 0.6% common in rinse-off products.
Categories: Thickeners, Silicones, Texture Enhancer

Average

Viola Tricolor Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Best

Vitamin A

Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Good

Vitamin B1

Categories: Vitamins

Good

Vitamin B12

Overall there is limited research showing vitamin B12 has any benefit when applied topically on skin
Categories: Vitamins

Average

Vitamin B2

There is no research showing this has any benefit when applied topically to skin.
Categories: Sensitizing, Vitamins

Best

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B3 (also known as niacinamide) is a unique skin-restoring and replenishing ingredient which offers a wide variety of benefits for skin. It is best known for its ability to help visibly reduce enlarged pores and improve uneven/dull skin tone. It also strengthens a weakened skin barrier and significantly helps decrease hyperpigmentation and inflammation.
Categories: Skin-Restoring, Vitamins, Hydration

Best

Vitamin B5

Also known as pantothenic acid.
Categories: Vitamins

Average

Vitamin B6

There is no research showing it to have benefit for skin.
Categories: Vitamins

Best

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is one of the most well-researched and beneficial vitamins you can apply topically. Ongoing use has been shown to improve the look of multiple signs of aging, brighten an uneven skin tone, as well as provide skin-restoring and soothing benefits.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Good

Vitamin D

A fat-soluble vitamin that may have antioxidant and skin-soothing benefits for skin, among other beneficial traits. Vitamin D is formed in the skin by sunlight (primarily unprotected exposure to UVB radiation), or may be obtained from fortified foods and oral supplements, which are the preferred methods compared to exposing your skin to sunlight.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Vitamin E

One of the most well-known and researched antioxidants for the body and for skin. Vitamin E occurs naturally in human skin, but can become depleted due to constant environmental exposure in the absence of sun protection.
Categories: Antioxidants, Vitamins

Best

Vitamin F

Name sometimes used to represent essential fatty acids of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. There are many fatty acids that have benefit for skin, including arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and oleic acids to name a few. These all have emollient, hydrating, replenishing, and often antioxidant properties for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Skin-Replenishing, Vitamins, Emollients, Skin-Restoring, Hydration

Good

Vitamin H

Categories: Vitamins

Good

Vitamin K

Technically known as phytonadione, vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin. Applying vitamin K to the surface of the skin won't improve the look of unevenness or dark circles. This type of vitamin K is also referred to as vitamin K1.
Categories: Vitamins

Best

Vitis Vinifera

Latin name for the vines that produce wine grapes. More commonly known as grape seed oil or grape seed extract.
Categories: Antioxidants, Emollients, Plant Extracts

Poor

Volatile Oil

Group of volatile fluids derived primarily from plants and used in cosmetics primarily as fragrant additives. These components most often include a mix of alcohols, ketones, phenols, linalool, borneol, terpenes, camphor, pinene, acids, ethers, aldehydes, citral, and sulfur, all of which have extremely sensitizing effects on skin. Volatile oils also bring benefits to skin, most notably from their antioxidants, but there are other ingredients, including many natural ingredients, that provide these same benefits without the risk of aggravating skin.
Categories: Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Vp/Eicosene Copolymer

A film-forming agent often used in water-resistant sunscreen products. It helps the sunscreen adhere better to skin and resist breaking down in water.
Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Good

Vp/Hexadecene Copolymer

Synthetic polymer.
Categories: Film-Forming/Holding Agents, Texture Enhancer

Average

Walnut Extract

Extract that can have antioxidant properties for skin.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Walnut Oil

Emollient, non-fragrant plant oil that is agood source of omega fatty acids for skin, namely linoleic acid; however, walnut oil is highly prone to oxidation, which makes the right packaging critical. Airless of air-restrictive and opaque packaging is a must.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Average

Walnut Shell Powder

Abrasive used in scrub products; not preferred to polyethylene beads.
Categories: Scrub Agents

Good

Water

Most widely used cosmetic ingredient; water is almost always listed first on an ingredient label because it is usually the ingredient with the highest concentration in the formula. Despite claims of skin’s need for hydration and claims regarding special types of water, it turns out that water may not be an important ingredient for skin. Only a 10% concentration of water in the outer layer of skin is necessary for softness and pliability in this part of the epidermis. Studies that have compared the water content of dry skin with that of normal or oily skin do not find a statistically significant difference in moisture levels between them.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Average

Watercress Extract

Research indicates that watercress extracts can have antioxidant activity, but that information is limited and was carried out either in vitro or as animal experiments, not in skincare products.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Best

Watermelon Fruit Extract

Extract from the fruit Citrullus lantus, commonly known as watermelon. This plant extract, like most types of melon, is a rich source of antioxidants, including lycopene.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Wheat Amino Acids

A blend of amino acids from wheat protein after it has been broken down via hydrolysis. Most often used in hair-care products as a conditioning agent, but also found in skincare products where it likely has hydrating ability. There is limited research showing that wheat amino acids can penetrate the hair shaft; however, most likely the smaller molecular size of the amino acids can penetrate hair better than whole protein sources.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Hydration

Good

Wheat Germ Glycerides

Used as emollient and texture enhancer in cosmetics.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Emollients, Texture Enhancer

Good

Wheat Germ Oil

Emollient plant oil similar to all non-fragrant plant oils.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Emollients

Good

Wheat Protein

Categories: Skin-Replenishing

Good

Whey Protein

A form of protein derived from milk that functions as a skin-softening and/or hair-conditioning agent. Whey protein also shows promise for enhancing skin’s extracellular matrix.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Skin-Softening

Average

White Nettle

Plant ingredient that contains components that can have both soothing and sensitizing properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

White Oak Bark Extract

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

White Tea Leaf Extract

Extract from the minimally processed buds and leaves of green tea. There is research showing that white and green teas have the highest concentration of antioxidant properties (via their polyphenol and flavonoid content) of all teas. However, even though tea flavonoids are effective antioxidants, it is unclear to what extent they increase the antioxidant capacity of humans.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

White Willow

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Wild Ginger

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Good

Willow Bark

Plant extract that contains salicin, a substance that when taken orally is converted by the digestive process to salicylic acid (beta hydroxy acid). The process of converting the salicin in willow bark into salicylic acid requires the presence of enzymes, and is complex. Further, salicin, much like salicylic acid, is stable only under acidic conditions. The likelihood that willow bark in the tiny amount used in cosmetics can mimic the effect of salicylic acid is at best questionable, and, in all likelihood, impossible. However, willow bark may have soothing benefits for skin.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Willow Herb

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Poor

Wintergreen Oil

A type of mint that is often used for addressing the discomfort of sore muscles, but spearmint oil can be very sensitizing due to its high volume of an ingredient known as methyl salicylate.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Average

Witch Hazel

Plant extract that has potent antioxidant properties and astringent properties. Witch Hazel has a high concentration of tannin (powerful antioxidant). If you are trying this ingredient for the first time, start gradually.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants, Sensitizing

Good

Xanthan Gum

Used as a thickening agent.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer

Best

Xanthophyll

Also known as lutein, this is a cartenoid pigment from plants that functions as an antioxidant.
Categories: Antioxidants, Plant Extracts

Good

Ximenia Americana Oil

Latin name for plum oil; it can have emollient properties.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants, Emollients

Poor

Xi Xin

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Best

Xylitol

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that may be plant-derived or synthetic (Paula’s Choice uses the former).
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Slip Agents

Good

Xylitylglucoside

An ingredient derived from two water-binding plant sugars, xylitol and glucose.
Categories: Hydration

Good

Xylose

Form of sugar. Similar to other sugars, xylose has hydrating properties for skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Hydration

Good

Xymenynic Acid

Synthetic fatty acid that functions as a skin-softening agent.
Categories: Miscellaneous, Skin-Softening

Poor

Yarrow Extract

Extract for which there is little research showing it to have any benefit for skin. What studies do exist were performed in vitro, and indicate that it may have skin-soothing properties. However, yarrow also has properties that may cause skin sensitivity and photosensitivity.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Good

Yeast

Large group of fungi that ferment sugars; yeast is a source of beta-glucan, which is a good antioxidant. The types of yeast used in cosmetic products are not harmful and in fact likely contribute to creating a healthier-looking skin surface due to their softening and conditioning action.
Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Yeast Extract

Categories: Antioxidants

Good

Yellow 5

Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Yellow 5 Lake

Yellow 5 lake is synthetic coloring agent approved for use in foods, drugs and cosmetics.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Good

Yellow 6 Lake

A pigment that is FDA-approved for use in cosmetics and food products.
Categories: Coloring Agents/Pigments

Best

Yerba Mate Extract

Plant ingredient used in the preparation of the most popular tea-like beverage in South America. It has skin-soothing and antioxidant properties.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Antioxidants

Poor

Ylang Ylang

Fragrant, volatile oil that can also be a skin sensitizer, though it's also a potent antioxidant and may help improve uneven skin tone. It presents a bigger risk when used daily rather than intermittently.
Categories: Plant Extracts, Antioxidants, Fragrance: Synthetic and Fragrant Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Average

Yogurt

There’s limited research showing that yogurt is effective when applied topically; however, eating yogurt and other fermented dairy foods can help improve several aspects of skin.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Average

Yucca Extract

Plant extract native to Mexico that can have skin-soothing benefits; however, its saponin content (believed to be the active part of the plant) can be sensitizing. Like most plant extracts, yucca also functions as an antioxidant.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing, Antioxidants

Average

Yucca Schidigera

Categories: Uncategorized

Poor

Zanthoxylum Piperitum

Categories: Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Best

Zinc

Element that has growing evidence that it can be a significant soothing agent and antioxidant.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Antioxidants

Poor

Zinc Carbonate

Categories: Miscellaneous, Sensitizing

Good

Zinc Gluconate

Zinc gluconate is the zinc salt of gluconic acid produced from glucose that functions as a preservative.
Categories: Preservatives, Hydration

Best

Zinc Oxide

Zinc oxide is an inert earth mineral used as a thickening, whitening, lubricating, and sunscreen ingredient in cosmetics.
Categories: Skin-Soothing, Coloring Agents/Pigments, Antioxidants, Thickeners/Emulsifiers

Best

Zinc Pca

A synthetic skin-conditioning ingredient derived from zinc. Research has shown it has anti-aging benefits due to its ability to thwart destructive enzymes in skin that can damage its surface and lead to an aged, wrinkled appearance.
Categories: Miscellaneous

Good

Zinc Stearate

The zinc salt of stearic acid. It has multiple functions in cosmetics, including serving as the basis for soap. Also functions as a coloring agent, slip agent, and texture enhancer.
Categories: Thickeners/Emulsifiers, Coloring Agents/Pigments, Slip Agents, Texture Enhancer

Poor

Zinc Sulfate

Chemical compound resulting from the interaction of zinc with sulfuric acid. There is little research showing this to be beneficial for skin. The information that is available shows that it can be a skin sensitizer when used in large amounts. A small amount of zinc sulfate is sometimes used in high-strength vitamin C treatments to stabilize the vitamin C (typically seen on the ingredient list as ascorbic acid). In these instances, the zinc sulfate is unlikely to be a source of skin sensitivity.
Categories: Preservatives, Sensitizing

Poor

Zingiberaceae

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Sensitizing, Plant Extracts

Average

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Poor

Zingiber Zerumbet

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts, Sensitizing

Good

Zizyphus Jujuba Fruit Extract

Categories: Skin-Soothing, Plant Extracts

Best

Aqua

Water. It provides the skin with significant moisture in the upper layers, supports and protects its natural moisture barrier. This improves and strengthens skin’s elasticity, resilience and suppleness - BEST

Best

Msm

Methyl-sulfonyl-methane (MSM) is a rich, natural source of organic sulphur — a mineral that has many applications and benefits in the skincare world. It helps maintain and replenish the collagen in your skin and protect its moisture barrier

Good

Cucumber Hydrosol

Cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract is a non-sensitizing plant extract. Most types of cucumber are composed of 95% water while the other elements primarily include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), caffeic acid (an antioxidant), fatty acids and the mineral silica. Thanks to its antioxidant and skin conditioning properties, it helps maintain the skin in good and healthy conditions

Best

Plant Stem Cells

Cells located in the meristems of plants which have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The addition of this ingredient helps to protect the skin against free radicals and prevent the formation of premature wrinkles. There is also evidence that stem cells can promote the production of new collagen, which can also make your skin appear healthier and plumper

Best

Matrixil 3000

STIMULATES: The combination of peptides work synergistically to restore and maintain the skin’s healthy appearance by signalling to cells to produce more collagen

Good

Organic Periwinkle

Periwinkle Extract offers soothing, anti-inflammatory and astringent properties to balance and brighten the skin while keeping it soft and smooth. This extract is a welcome addition to enhance your skin natural glow

Good

Escin

Horse Chestnut Extract is a soothing ingredient with anti-inflammatory and toning properties. It also strengthens skin’s elasticity and prevents moisture loss

GOOD

Boswellia Serrata Oil

The beneficial properties of this ingredient include the ability to strengthen skin and improve its tone, elasticity and defence mechanisms against bacteria, blemishes and premature aging. It also helps reduce the appearance of active acne and scars

GOOD

Euphrasia Officinalis Extract

This ingredient has astringent and rebalancing properties. It is considered useful and effective as a topical treatment for under-eye puffiness and dark circles

Best

Organic Reishi

Reishi Mushroom, with its deeply hydrating and detoxifying properties, is a superstar ingredient. It works against premature aging, dehydration, inflammation, and fine lines. Reishi contains beta-glucans that are responsible for attracting water from the environment to your skin. It also helps reduce puffiness and free radical damage

Good

Wild Geranium

It has soothing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It also has antioxidant properties which can boost your skin natural glow.

Good

Organic Dandelion

REPLENISHES:it strengthens a weakened skin barrier and improves uneven/dull skin tone.

Good

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose

A water-soluble polymer that functions as a stabilizer, texture enhancer, and thickening agent

Good

Rose Ether

It is a widely used synthetic preservative with global approval for use in rinse-off or leave-on cosmetic products in concentrations up to 1%. As a cosmetics preservative, it is considered one of the least irritating for use in formulations as it does not release formaldehyde

Average

Sorbitan Stereate

It is the sodium salt of stearic acid. A water-soluble ingredient that functions as a texture enhancer and thickening agent.

Best

Organic Coconut Oil

Coconut oil is a rich source of medium-chain fatty acids and thanks to this high saturated fat content it has amazing emollient and hydrating properties. Coconut oil also provides a protective barrier, helping shield skin from environmental toxins and stressors that accelerate signs of aging. This multitasking ingredient has a soothing, calming effect and can help reduce temporary redness

Best

Organic Argan Oil

It is a well know plant oil derived from the kernels of argan trees. Argan oil contains several beneficial lipids and fatty acids for skin, including oleic acid, palmitic acid, and, especially, linoleic acid. It is also an excellent source of antioxidant vitamin E (tocopherol) and, like several other plant oils, a source of other antioxidant compounds. It is great emollient and hydrating ingredient.

Best

Vegetable Glycerin

A humectant that’s present in all natural lipids. Glycerin is a skin-replenishing and skin-restoring ingredient as it helps to establish normal balance and hydration. It’s an excellent ingredient to defend the skin against dryness, dehydration and to strengthen and maintain its moisture level. Glycerin is a hydration powerhouse and it works at its best when combined with other emollient ingredients.

Average

Orange Fragrance

Delicate and fresh scent naturally derived from plants ‘extracts.

Best

2-Amino-5-Guanidinopentanoic Acid

An amino acid considered essential to the human development. It strengthens the skin’ natural barrier and has powerful antioxidant properties.